Does stump removal affect early growth and mycorrhizal infection of spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) seedlings in clear-cuts?

Kataja-aho, Saana; Pennanen, Taina; Lensu, Anssi; Haimi, Jari

doi:10.1080/02827581.2012.715185

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…All in all, harvesting stump–root systems may have, but not always (e.g. Kataja‐Aho et al ., ; Malmström, ), negative impacts on forest functioning through modifications of, for instance, soil nutrient leaching (Staaf & Olsson, ; Ahtiainen & Huttunen, ; Zabowski et al ., ), soil microorganisms and fauna (Kataja‐Aho et al ., ; Ols et al ., ), and forest flora (Kaye et al ., ). It is possible to limit these effects by reducing the soil surface which is disturbed as much as possible (see recommendations of maximum of soil surface disturbance in Berch et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass and nutrients in tree root systems–sustainable harvesting of an intensively managedPinus pinaster(Ait.) planted forest

Augusto¹,

Achat

Bakker

et al. 2014

GCB Bioenergy

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To develop sources of renewable energy and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increasing attention has been given to the extraction of forest biomass, especially in the form of harvest residues. However, increasing the removal of biomass, and hence nutrients, has raised concerns about the sustainability of site fertility and forest productivity. The environmental cost of harvesting belowground biomass is still not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate the stocks of belowground biomass that potentially can be collected; (ii) measure the nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) concentrations of the different root compartments (stumps, coarse and thin roots); and to (iii) quantify the biomass and nutrient exports under different scenarios, including harvests of above and belowground compartments. The study was carried out on Pinus pinaster stands located in southwestern France. Results showed that roots could be a significant fuelwood resource, particularly at forest clear cutting. Negative relationships between root diameter and root nutrient concentration were observed, independently of root function or tree age. Such relationships can be used to accurately simulate nutrient concentrations in roots as well as nutrient exports. Combining our original results on roots with previously published data on the aboveground compartments showed that nutrient losses were higher in canopy harvest scenarios than in root harvest scenarios. This was mainly due to high nutrient concentrations of needles. We concluded that stump and root harvest could be sustainable in our study context, conversely to foliage harvest. Because thin roots have higher nutrient concentrations than coarse roots and the proportion of thin roots increased with an increase in the distance from the tree, collecting roots only in the close vicinity of the stumps should limit nutrient exports (particularly N) without unnecessarily reducing fuelwood biomass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass and nutrients in tree root systems–sustainable harvesting of an intensively managedPinus pinaster(Ait.) planted forest

Augusto¹,

Achat

Bakker

et al. 2014

GCB Bioenergy

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“…In our data, T. terrestris 1 was the dominant OTU in the harvesting treatments, whereas o3% of this OTU's sequences occurred in reference forests. Abundance of T. terrestris in harvesting treatments was almost as high as the root colonization rate of this species in seedlings grown in the same nursery (Kataja-aho et al, 2012), which provided seedling material for South and Central areas in the present study. However, after three growing seasons no effect on fungal OTU assemblages was found that could be attributed to the two different nurseries (Joroinen for the South and Central areas and Tuusniemi for the North area).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…We detected only slightly increased shoot biomass in the treatment, including stump and logging residue removal (SRP) compared with patch mounding. Previous studies show that stump removal may increase growth of Norway spruce seedlings and suggest increased availability of soluble nutrients in soil (Menkis et al, 2010) or high EMF colonization received from nursery (Kataja-aho et al, 2012) to be plausible reasons. However, slight differences in tree sapling growth may become even less apparent in the long term, as has been observed during 10 (Hope, 2007) and 30 years (Karlsson and Tamminen, 2013) of monitoring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stump removal decreased the number of EMF morphotypes in Douglas fir roots with a simultaneous reduction in growth and N content of seedlings (PageDumroese et al, 1998). In contrast, stump removal increased Norway spruce seedling growth, but had either no effect on EMF morphotypes (Kataja-aho et al, 2012) or reduced EMF richness in roots (Menkis et al, 2010). Hence, impacts of stump removal and collecting logging residues on belowground microbial communities, especially on EMF, require further studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Hunt, 1992;Kernaghan et al, 2003;Flykt et al, 2008) adapted to high-fertility conditions applied at nurseries. Seedlings planted at our South and Central study areas were grown in the same nursery as those in Kataja-aho et al (2012), with a high and consistent EMF colonization (96%) dominated by Thelephora terrestris (74.4%).…”

Section: Study Areas and Experimental Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term impacts of energy wood harvesting on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Norway spruce saplings

Huusko

Tarvainen²,

Saravesi

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

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The increased demand for harvesting energy wood raises questions about its effects on the functioning of the forest ecosystems, soil processes and biodiversity. Impacts of tree stump removal on ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities of Norway spruce saplings were studied with 454-pyrosequencing in a 3-year field experiment replicated in 3 geographical areas. This is possibly the most thorough investigation of EMF communities associated with saplings grown on sites subjected to energy wood harvesting. To separate impacts of tree stump and logging residue removal on EMF and plant variables, we used three harvesting treatments with increasing complexity from patch mounding alone (P) to patch mounding combined with logging residue removal (RP), and patch mounding combined with both logging residue and stump removal (SRP). Saplings grown in uncut forests (F) served as references for harvesting treatments. A majority of sequences (492%) and operational taxonomic units (OTUs, 55%) were assigned as EMF. EMF OTU richness, fungal community composition or sapling growth did not differ between harvesting treatments (P, RP and SRP), while EMF OTU richness, diversity and evenness were highest and sapling growth lowest in the undisturbed reference forests (F). The short study period may partially explain the similarities in fungal and sapling variables in different harvesting treatments. In conclusion, our results indicate that neither stump removal nor logging residue removal have significant additional negative impacts on EMF communities or growth of Norway spruce saplings in the short-term compared with the impacts of more conventional harvesting methods, including clear cutting and patch mounding.

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Stump harvesting for bioenergy: A review of climatic and environmental impacts in northern Europe and America

Persson

Egnell²

2018

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Stump harvesting is defined as an intensification of forest management in comparison with stem-only harvesting and removal of tops and branches. It increases soil mixing and the proportion of bare soil. In contrast to earlier hypotheses, stump harvesting was found to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrous oxide, and methane in the short term. In the long term, heterotrophic soil CO 2 evolution is reduced. Both model and empirical studies indicate that stump removal can reduce the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in the short term, but long-term experiments (32-39 years) could not verify any SOC decline. Life cycle assessment studies showed that stumps as fuel resulted in markedly lower emissions of CO 2 into the atmosphere, viewed over a whole forest rotation compared to heating by natural gas and coal. Stump removal does not seem to affect timber production in the next forest rotation and often reduces the infection rate of root rot. It increases the natural regeneration of birch and pine, it can increase nitrate leaching at N-rich sites, and it can increase the number of water-filled cavities where methylmercury is formed. Stump extraction decreases the amount of dwarf shrubs in young clearcuts, but after 1-2 decades, these species are generally recovered. Many species dependent on dead wood are adversely affected by intense stump harvest. Model studies suggest that the risk of species extinction is small when only 10% of the total clear-cut area in the forest landscape is stump harvested, but the risk of extinction rises at increasing extraction intensities.

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Does stump removal affect early growth and mycorrhizal infection of spruce (Picea abies) seedlings in clear-cuts?

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Biomass and nutrients in tree root systems–sustainable harvesting of an intensively managedPinus pinaster(Ait.) planted forest

Biomass and nutrients in tree root systems–sustainable harvesting of an intensively managedPinus pinaster(Ait.) planted forest

Short-term impacts of energy wood harvesting on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Norway spruce saplings

Stump harvesting for bioenergy: A review of climatic and environmental impacts in northern Europe and America

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