Does sunlight change the material and content of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles?

Wegelin, Martin; Canonica, Silvio; Alder, C.; Marazuela, D.; Suter, Marianne; Bucheli, Th. D.; Haefliger, Olivier P.; Zenobi, Renato; McGuigan, Kevin G.; Kelly, Mary T.; Ibrahim, Puji Astuti; Larroque, Michel

doi:10.2166/aqua.2001.0012

Cited by 103 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…3, the sunlight radiation was lead to variation of COD amount of bottled water (increase from 342 to 460 mg L -1 during 30 days). Such variation can be attributed to the leaching of the compounds produced from the photodegradation of PET by sunlight (Wegelin et al 2001). Outdoor sunlight irradiation has been studied for its effects on organic compounds leaching.…”

Section: Chloridementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sunlight exposure tests, Wegelin et al (Wegelin et al 2001) have shown that PET degradation products such as terephthalate monomers and dimers are primarily formed at the surface of the bottles. Peter Schmid et al (Peter Schmid et al 2008) sought to determine whether solar water disinfection (SODIS) would promote leaching of phthalates into water in PET bottles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of storage temperature and sunlight exposure on the physicochemical properties of bottled water in Kurdistan region-Iraq

Muhamad¹,

Esmail²,

Hasan³

2011

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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Physicochemical properties (pH, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved salt, Cl -, F -, NO3 -, SO4 -2 , NH4 + and Chemical oxygen demand) of Sixteen brands bottled water in Kurdistan region-Iraq were analyzed using standard methods. The physicochemical properties of the bottled water measured in this work compared with manufacturer's labeling reported on the bottles and were compared with the guideline value of World Health Organization (WHO) and International Bottled Water Association (IBWA) standards. The change of physicochemical properties investigated when the bottled water exposed to sunlight or storage at different temperature for 30 days. IR-spectroscopy was carried out in order to deduce the nature of polymer material and its purity. Results indicated that the quality of bottled water samples was within the permissible limit, while it is changed with the time of sunlight exposed or temperature changes. The results indicate, the physicochemical properties of all bottled water samples are within the international guidelines of bottled water and not the same that reported on the bottle label. The results show each of sun light exposure and temperature of storing cause changes in all physicochemical properties of water in the plastic bottle. @JASEM

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Section: Chloridementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of storage temperature and sunlight exposure on the physicochemical properties of bottled water in Kurdistan region-Iraq

Muhamad¹,

Esmail²,

Hasan³

2011

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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“…[31][32][33] PET, the plastic that constitutes most SODIS bottles, is highly transmissive to 365 nm light, suggesting that psoralens could retain their photoreactive effects inside a PET bottle exposed to sunlight. 34 We selected three microorganisms to study based on their relevance to human disease. Escherichia coli are a thermotolerant coliform widely used in laboratory studies as a representative bacterial water contaminant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Limes and Synthetic Psoralens to Enhance Solar Disinfection of Water (SODIS): A Laboratory Evaluation with Norovirus, Escherichia coli, and MS2

Harding¹,

Schwab²

2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We investigated the use of psoralens and limes to enhance solar disinfection of water (SODIS) using an UV lamp and natural sunlight experiments. SODIS conditions were replicated using sunlight, 2 L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, and tap water with Escherichia coli, MS2 bacteriophage, and murine norovirus (MNV). Psoralens and lime acidity both interact synergistically with UV radiation to accelerate inactivation of microbes. Escherichia coli was ablated > 6.1 logs by SODIS + Lime Slurry and 5.6 logs by SODIS + Lime Juice in 30-minute solar exposures, compared with a 1.5 log reduction with SODIS alone (N = 3; P < 0.001). MS2 was inactivated > 3.9 logs by SODIS + Lime Slurry, 1.9 logs by SODIS + Lime Juice, and 1.4 logs by SODIS in 2.5-hour solar exposures (N = 3; P < 0.05). MNV was resistant to SODIS, with < 2 log reductions after 6 hours. Efficacy of SODIS against human norovirus should be investigated further.

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“…SODIS reduces fecal contamination levels from 1 million bacteria per ml to zero in < 1.5 h, with consistency of the samples being studied; SODIS is completely effective against pathogens causing cholera, dysentery, typhoid, salmonellosis, gastroenteritis, cryptosporidi oasis, giardiasis and polio. This finding somewhat contradicts the recommendations provided by the Swiss Federal Institute for Environment and Technology (EAWAG, 1997) where Wegelin et al (2001) recommended five hours of exposure under bright sun or up to 50% cloudy sky, or two consecutive days fewer than 100% cloudy sky to be effective for disinfecting water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Bacterial quality control of domestic and imported brands of bottled water in Saudi Arabia

Hazzani¹

2013

J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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Water is one of the most abundant and essential commodities of man occupying about 70% of the earth's surface and 60% of the human body therefore it should be continuously protected against microbial infections. Also, the mineral content in drinking water should be maintained within the acceptable range. Quality control of drinking water emerged with the invention of bottled drinking water. In this study, samples of bottled drinking water from Saudi markets were compared with tap water samples collected from different areas in Riyadh; both samples were tested for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The bacterial isolates identified by the Biolog system (Hayward, CA, USA) include Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bottled drinking water, whereas tap water was mainly contaminated by P. aeruginosa. Bacterial contamination was highly observed in tap water samples and higher mineral content, determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was also observed in tap water. Bacterial cell count determined as CFU/ml was observed in bottled drinking water. Decreased water bacterial number was achieved with the solar disinfection system (SODIS) for one day with direct exposure to sunlight in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles. Thus water considered to be consumed by humans must maintain good microbial and mineral qualities within the acceptable ranges and must undergo effective treatment in order to reduce bacterial count and infection.

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Does sunlight change the material and content of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles?

Cited by 103 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of storage temperature and sunlight exposure on the physicochemical properties of bottled water in Kurdistan region-Iraq

Effect of storage temperature and sunlight exposure on the physicochemical properties of bottled water in Kurdistan region-Iraq

Using Limes and Synthetic Psoralens to Enhance Solar Disinfection of Water (SODIS): A Laboratory Evaluation with Norovirus, Escherichia coli, and MS2

Bacterial quality control of domestic and imported brands of bottled water in Saudi Arabia

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