Prior work on corporate social responsibility (CSR) has focused mainly on its effects on the short-term performance of firms from developed countries. In this article, we shed light on its effects on organizational resilience, which is defined as the firm's ability to positively cope with environmental turbulence, and operationalized by long-term, improved sales growth and financial volatility. In line with this operationalization, we adopt CSR's performance-enhancing and performance-insuring mechanisms to disentangle the relationship between CSR and organizational resilience. Furthermore, we divide CSR into five dimensions, namely shareholder, employee, business, society and environment-related CSR, and respectively examine their impacts on organizational resilience. The empirical study on a large sample of public firms in China from 2010 to 2017 shows that CSR as a whole significantly increases the firms' long-term growth and reduces their financial volatility. As for the five specific dimensions, they all have a significant negative effect on financial volatility, and the employee, business, environment-related CSR are positively associated with long-term growth. Yet, the empirical results did not indicate significant associations between shareholder and society-related CSR and firms' long-term growth. This study first explores the impacts of CSR's different dimensions on organizational resilience. Also, we contribute to enriching the literature on CSR by examining the long-term performance-insuring effect of CSR with a quantitative analysis of emerging markets. Finally, we discuss some important managerial implications, as well as promising directions for future research.2 of 23 conditions, unestablished industrial structures, and the intense, chaotic competition brought by rapid development, Chinese enterprises are likely to face more changes and uncertainties in their business environment, which makes them more vulnerable than those from developed countries. Second, as the concern about CSR in China comes far later than that in developed countries, the effect of Chinese CSR on organizational resilience may be different. The Kinder, Lydenberg, and Domini (KLD) database, for example, began to internationally provide ratings of corporate social performance in 1991. While, the first official research report on Chinese CSR was released in 2009, and then Chinese listed companies were required to issue their annual CSR reports. In line with this, we aim at providing some new insights of CSR and its effects on organizational resilience with evidence from emerging markets.In doing so, we first clarify the conceptualization and operationalization of organizational resilience. Defined as the ability of an organization to respond positively to environmental changes, organizational resilience is a latent, unobservable construct usually measured by its outcomes [6]. The most desired outcome of organizational resilience recognized in extant literature is a firm's persistent superior performance in the changing business en...