Does temperament have a differential effect on Inhibition of Return (IOR)?

Temperament Affected Visuospatial Orienting on Discrimination Tasks

“…In this study, the facilitation effect occurred at a short SOA of 150 ms in low-ER and medium-ER groups. The question, however, arises as to why it never reversed into the IOR effect as it happens in other studies using both detection (e.g., Bielas et al, 2021) and discrimination (e.g., Lupiáñez et al, 1997) cueing tasks. One of the possible answers is the limited number of SOAs (150, 250, 1500 and 2500 ms), which we included in the experiment, especially since we know that IOR tends to appear later in discrimination tasks than in tasks requiring merely detection (Klein, 2000).…”

“…While the effect of IOR in their study occurred at longer SOAs of 1500 ms and 2500 ms in all three groups, this was not the case in the present study. These apparent differences between our two studies are only superficial, since Bielas et al (2021) conducted their research on the differential effect of temperament on visuospatial orienting on detection cueing tasks, while we addressed these questions using of the discrimination cueing paradigm. Because discrimination tasks are more cognitively demanding and require more attentional resources, they may generally result in longer facilitation and later IOR than detection tasks (Klein, 2000).…”

“…Specifically, since high reactivity is thought to require more energy, one may also assume that even more energy and time would be required by more demanding tasks. Thus, we assumed that, on our discrimination tasks, the pattern of visuospatial orienting would be different from that seen in detection tasks (Bielas et al, 2021) in that individuals higher in their reactivity would take longer in orienting attention, resulting in a delay of the facilitation effect as compared to those lower in reactivity.…”

“…In their study, Bielas et al (2021) followed one of the leading points of Strelau's (1983Strelau's ( , 1998 Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT), according to which (emotional) reactivity (ER) as a temperamental (personality) trait is inversely related to endurance (EN) and activity (AC). They also drew on the rationale that neural activity is supposed to be governed by a neuroendocrine mechanism that depends on some kind of limited energy resource (e.g., see Gailliot et al, 2007) That neuroendocrine mechanism would then determine the amount of energy mobilized and, subsequently, consumed for a reaction.…”

“…These authors' research results confirmed their assumptions, leading them to suggest that temperament can have a differential effect on orienting of attention and influence even microscale behavioral processes and effects that can be measured in milliseconds in the Posner cueing paradigm. Bielas et al (2021) addressed the question of whether temperament predicts the dynamics of IOR in the detection cueing task. It seems, however, that the effect of IOR also may be obtained in tasks requiring discrimination (Lupiáñez et al, 1997), although in discrimination cueing tasks the IOR effect appears later and disappears sooner than in tasks requiring only detection.…”