Does the Amygdala Mediate Anesthetic-induced Amnesia?

Alkire, Michael T.; Nathan, Sheila V.

doi:10.1097/00000542-200504000-00010

Cited by 53 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Recent studies also showed that exposure to sevoflurane increased β-amyloid protein levels, which could induce further apoptosis and contribute to or cause POCD [1] , [3] , [43] , [44] , [45] . Sevoflurane at doses from 0.5% to 2.6% administered either during or immediately after a learning task has been shown to inhibit memory retention [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] . Although the inhalation anesthesia–POCD model has been well documented, it is debated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Spatial Learning and Memory after Sevoflurane–Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia in Aged Rats Is Associated with Down-Regulated cAMP/CREB Signaling

et al. 2013

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Neurocognitive deficits arising from anesthetic exposure have recently been debated, while studies have shown that the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus is critical for long-term memory. To better understand the neural effects of inhalational anesthetics, we studied the behavioral and biochemical changes in aged rats that were exposed to sevoflurane (Sev) and nitrous oxide (N2O) for 4 h. Eighteen-month-old rats were randomly assigned to receive 1.3% sevoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide/50% oxygen or 50% oxygen for 4 h. Spatial learning and memory were tested with the Morris water maze 48 h after exposure, and the results showed that sevoflurane–nitrous oxide exposure induced a significant deficit in spatial learning acquisition and memory retention. Experiments revealed that the cAMP and pCREB levels in the dorsal hippocampus were decreased in rats with anesthetic exposure in comparison with control rats 48 h after anesthesia as well as 15 min after the probe trial, but there were no significant differences in CREB expression. Besides these, the current study also found the DG neurogenesis significantly decreased as well as neuronal loss and neuronal apoptosis increased in the hippocampus of rats exposed to Sev+N2O. The current study demonstrated that down-regulation of cAMP/CREB signaling, decrease of CREB-dependent neurogenesis and neuronal survival in the hippocampus contributed to the neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction induced by general anesthesia with sevoflurane–nitrous oxide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Spatial Learning and Memory after Sevoflurane–Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia in Aged Rats Is Associated with Down-Regulated cAMP/CREB Signaling

et al. 2013

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“…[ 24 ] Also, the sub-anaesthetic doses of sevoflurane have shown memory loss by its action on amygdala through GABA A receptor. [ 25 ] Thus the relationship between the olfactory identification impairment and reduced blood melatonin concentration could be due to the presence of a notable concentration of melatonin-binding sites in entorhinal cortex and the CA1 in the hippocampus which are sites important in pairing odours with the appropriate memory. [ 26 ] The short-term olfactory identification impairment demonstrated with sevoflurane-based anaesthesia suggests a possibility of neurotoxicity which cannot be ruled out in long-term exposure to the patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anaesthetic agents on olfactory threshold and identification – A single blinded randomised controlled study

et al. 2018

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Background and Aims:Anaesthetics are implicated in cognitive dysfunction, taste and odour deficits in the postoperative period. We aimed to assess the effect of isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol and regional anaesthesia on the olfactory threshold, olfactory identification and endocrine regulation of associative memory in the postoperative period.Methods:In this observer-blinded randomised controlled study, 164 patients (>50 years) with the American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II status were randomised into one of four groups to receive regional anaesthesia, general anaesthesia with sevoflurane, general anaesthesia with isoflurane and total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol. Hindi Mental State Examination, olfactory threshold and olfactory identification were tested at 12 h preoperatively (T0), at 3 h postoperatively (T1) and at the time of discharge or postoperative day 3 (T2). In addition, serum melatonin levels were estimated at T0 and T1. The olfactory threshold was tested with n-butyl alcohol and olfactory identification with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Data were analysed using the one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-whitney tests.Results:The olfactory identification scores were lower with patients receiving sevoflurane-based anaesthesia at 3 h postoperatively (T1) when compared to preoperative (T0) (median 19.5 vs. 22; P = 0.01). This was accompanied by a significant postoperative reduction of plasma melatonin levels in sevoflurane group when compared to other groups (17.34 ± 4.8 pg/ml vs 23.2 ± 3.5 pg/ml; P < 0.001).Conclusion:Sevoflurane was associated with short-term olfactory identification impairment with a concomitant reduction in melatonin levels illustrating a possible humoral mechanism.

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“…The work of Alkire and Nathan [16] demonstrates that sevoflurane acts on the amygdala and more precisely on its basolateral nucleus, inducing a loss of memory of rats. The amygdala is involved in the emotional processes and other automatic functions [17] like those of memorization [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Texture analysis of brain MRI evidences the amygdala activation by nociceptive stimuli under deep anesthesia in the propofol–formalin rat model

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et al. 2007

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Does the Amygdala Mediate Anesthetic-induced Amnesia?

Abstract: BLA lesions block sevoflurane-induced amnesia. A role for the BLA in mediating anesthetic-induced amnesia may be a general principle of anesthetic action.

Cited by 53 publications

References 42 publications

Impaired Spatial Learning and Memory after Sevoflurane–Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia in Aged Rats Is Associated with Down-Regulated cAMP/CREB Signaling

Impaired Spatial Learning and Memory after Sevoflurane–Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia in Aged Rats Is Associated with Down-Regulated cAMP/CREB Signaling

Effect of anaesthetic agents on olfactory threshold and identification – A single blinded randomised controlled study

Texture analysis of brain MRI evidences the amygdala activation by nociceptive stimuli under deep anesthesia in the propofol–formalin rat model

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