Does the brain shrink as the waist expands?

Abstract

Recent studies suggest that being overweight or obese is related to worse cognitive performance, particularly executive function. Obesity may also increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Consequently, there has been increasing interest in whether adiposity is related to gray or white matter (GM, WM) atrophy. In this review, we identified and critically evaluated studies assessing obesity and GM or WM volumes either globally or in specific regions of interest (ROIs). Across all ages, higher adiposity was consistently associated with frontal GM atrophy, particularly in prefrontal cortex. In children and adults < 40 years of age, most studies found no relationship between adiposity and occipital or parietal GM volumes, whereas findings for temporal lobe were mixed. In middle-aged and aged adults, a majority of studies found that higher adiposity is associated with parietal and temporal GM atrophy, whereas results for precuneus, posterior cingulate, and hippocampus were mixed. Higher adiposity had no clear association with global or regional WM in any age group. We conclude that higher adiposity may be associated with frontal GM atrophy across all ages and parietal and temporal GM atrophy in middle and old age.

CAIDE Dementia Risk Score and biomarkers of neurodegeneration in memory clinic patients without dementia

“…In addition, midlife hypertension and hypercholesterolemia have been associated with increased risk of AD neuropathology in previous population-based autopsy studies (Petrovitch et al) (Toledo et al, 2013), while obesity has been related to lower brain volumes on MRI (Willette and Kapogiannis, 2015). Cardiovascular risk factors, confluent white matter lesions, MTA and central atrophy have been shown to increase the AD-likelihood of SCI subjects (Garcia-Ptacek et al, 2014).…”

Greater body mass index is associated with reduced frontal cortical volumes among adolescents with bipolar disorder

“…Despite overlapping with the PFC and OFC, the FL was considered separately for reference to prior literature. 17,24 We calculated mean cortical thickness for each cortical ROI using the surface area of the component regions as a weighting factor. For example, mean OFC thickness = [(lateral orbitofrontal area × lateral orbitofrontal thickness) + (medial orbitofrontal area × medial orbitofrontal thickness)] ÷ (lateral + medial orbitofrontal area).…”

“…23 The FL regions are of particular relevance to BD because they are associated with higher-level cognitive processes, such as executive functioning, decisionmaking and inhibitory control, and are also known to modulate emotion processing. 17,24 Bipolar disorder is also associated with differences in brain structure. A recent-meta analysis established that adolescents with BD have smaller amygdalas than healthy controls.…”

“…17 In youth, BMI is most consistently associated with reduced grey matter volume in the frontal lobe (FL), specifically in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). [17][18][19][20][21][22] There is also evidence of reduced volume of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures, such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus in overweight and obese adolescents. 23 The FL regions are of particular relevance to BD because they are associated with higher-level cognitive processes, such as executive functioning, decisionmaking and inhibitory control, and are also known to modulate emotion processing.…”

Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT/U) berhubungan dengan daya ingat anak usia 5-6 tahun

“…Hasil review beberapa hasil penelitian secara konsisten menyimpulkan bahwa nilai IMT berkaitan dengan kemampuan daya ingat orang dewasa (14)(15)(16)(17). Akan tetapi belum banyak penelitian yang…”