Does the built environment have independent obesogenic power? Urban form and trajectories of weight gain

Buszkiewicz, James; Bobb, Jennifer F.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Arterburn, David; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Cook, Andrea J.; Mooney, Stephen J.; Cruz, Maricela; Gupta, Shilpi; Lozano, Paula; Rosenberg, Dori E.; Theis, Mary Kay; Anau, Jane; Drewnowski, Adam

doi:10.1038/s41366-021-00836-z

Cited by 16 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The M2H retrospective cohort has been previously described [ 11 , 20 , 21 ]. Information on residential history, measured heights and weights, and health was extracted from KPW member electronic health records (EHR) receiving care from 1/1/2005 to 4/30/2017.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Member addresses were geocoded using ArcGIS Desktop and King County (KC), WA address point reference data. Additional geocoding protocol details for M2H have been described previously [ 11 , 20 , 21 ]. Latitude and longitude point data from geocoded addresses in KC were linked to SmartMaps measuring BE features described below to determine neighborhood exposures [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yearly data were available for residential density and property values. For all other BE exposures, members were matched to nearest year for which data were available ( Supplemental Table 1 ) [ 11 , 20 , 21 ]. SmartMaps are continuous rasterized surfaces that provide estimates of BE measures within a given area [ 22 – 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study found that the colocation of PA-promoting BE features and healthy food sources were more negatively associated with body weight than any single BE feature [ 10 ]. Previous analysis of the Kaiser-Permanente Washington (KPW) Moving to Health (M2H) cohort showed that denser urban form and greater availability of both supermarkets and fast food restaurants were associated with somewhat lower weight gain (<0.5 kg) [ 11 ]. Jointly accounting for urban form and the food environment nullified the apparent inverse association between the latter and body weight [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous analysis of the Kaiser-Permanente Washington (KPW) Moving to Health (M2H) cohort showed that denser urban form and greater availability of both supermarkets and fast food restaurants were associated with somewhat lower weight gain (<0.5 kg) [ 11 ]. Jointly accounting for urban form and the food environment nullified the apparent inverse association between the latter and body weight [ 11 ]. However, this modest average association between the BE and weight trajectories may be masking more pronounced associations among select demographic subgroups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential associations of the built environment on weight gain by sex and race/ethnicity but not age

et al. 2021

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Objective: To explore the built environment (BE) and weight change relationship by age, sex, and racial/ethnic subgroups in adults. Methods: Weight trajectories were estimated using electronic health records for 115,260 insured Kaiser Permanente Washington members age 18–64 years. Member home addresses were geocoded using ArcGIS. Population, residential, and road intersection densities and counts of area supermarkets and fast food restaurants were measured with SmartMaps (800 and 5,000-meter buffers) and categorized into tertiles. Linear mixed-effect models tested whether associations between BE features and weight gain at 1, 3, and 5 years differed by age, sex, and race/ethnicity, adjusting for demographics, baseline weight and residential property values. Results: Denser urban form and greater availability of supermarkets and fast food restaurants were associated with differential weight change across sex and race/ethnicity. At 5 years, the mean difference in weight change comparing the 3 rd versus 1 st tertile of residential density was significantly different between males (−0.49 kg, 95% CI: −0.68, −0.30) and females (−0.17 kg, 95% CI: −0.33, −0.01) (P-value for interaction = 0.011). Across race/ethnicity, the mean difference in weight change at 5 years for residential density was significantly different among non-Hispanic (NH) Whites (−0.47 kg, 95% CI: −0.61, −0.32), NH Blacks (−0.86 kg, 95% CI: −1.37, −0.36), Hispanics (0.10 kg, 95% CI: −0.46, 0.65), and NH Asians (0.44 kg, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.78) (P-value for interaction < 0.001). These findings were consistent for other BE measures. Conclusion: The relationship between the built environment and weight change differs across demographic groups. Careful consideration of demographic differences in associations of BE and weight trajectories is warranted for investigating etiological mechanisms and guiding intervention development.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential associations of the built environment on weight gain by sex and race/ethnicity but not age

et al. 2021

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Associations of takeaway outlets with takeaway food consumption and adiposity: longitudinal analysis of the Fenland cohort

Hoenink,

Burgoine,

Forouhi

et al. 2024

Obesity

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ObjectiveThis study builds on prior findings that link increased availability of takeaway food outlets in home, workplace, and commuting environments to greater takeaway consumption and adiposity. Using longitudinal data, we examine associations of takeaway availability at baseline with changes in consumption and adiposity between baseline and follow‐up.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Fenland Study, with baseline data from 2005 to 2015 and follow‐up from 2015 to 2020. Takeaway outlet availability within 1 mile of participants' home and workplace addresses, based on 2011 local authority data, was assessed. Outcomes included takeaway food consumption (from a food frequency questionnaire) and body fat percentage (measured via dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry) at follow‐up.ResultsAmong 7581 participants (mean [SD] age, 49.3 [7.4] years) with a mean follow‐up of 6.7 years, no positive association was found between takeaway outlet availability at baseline and changes in consumption or body fat percentage. However, among the 12 associations tested, the highest combined home–workplace availability of takeaway outlets, compared with none, was associated with a 0.68 decrease in body fat percentage (95% CI: 0.24–1.12).ConclusionsAlthough takeaway outlet availability was linked to greater consumption and adiposity at baseline, it did not predict changes over time, underscoring the complexity of dietary behaviors and their relationship with the neighborhood food environment.

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Impact of the Neighborhood Food Environment on Dietary Intake and Obesity: a Review of the Recent Literature

Myers

2023

Curr Diab Rep

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Does the built environment have independent obesogenic power? Urban form and trajectories of weight gain

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Differential associations of the built environment on weight gain by sex and race/ethnicity but not age

Differential associations of the built environment on weight gain by sex and race/ethnicity but not age

Associations of takeaway outlets with takeaway food consumption and adiposity: longitudinal analysis of the Fenland cohort

Impact of the Neighborhood Food Environment on Dietary Intake and Obesity: a Review of the Recent Literature

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