“…The literature widely recognizes that digital innovation in the form of information and communication technologies (ICT) has a significant influence on economic growth and productivity (see, for instance, Cette et al, 2005;Farkhanda, 2007;Venturini, 2009;Dimelis and Papaioannou, 2010;Heeks, 2010;Cortes and Navarro, 2011;Ahmed and Ridzuan, 2013;Rath, 2016;Niebel, 2018). As a consequence, rapid adoption of ICT in terms of access and use is observed worldwide (Chinn and Fairlie, 2007;Lam and Shiu, 2010;ITU, 2018).…”