Does the diurnal cycle of cortisol explain the relationship between physical performance and cognitive function in older adults?

Dijckmans, B.; Tortosa-Martínez, Juan; Caus, Nuria; González-Caballero, G.; Martínez-Pelegrin, B.; Manchado, Carmen; Cortell-Tormo, Juan M.; Chulvi‐Medrano, Iván; Clow, Angela

doi:10.1186/s11556-017-0175-5

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that a more dynamic activity of the axis (ie, a greater diurnal decline) relates to better physical performance 44 and cognitive function in older adults than does a lower activity. 45 Additionally, urinary free cortisol concentrations in the high-to-normal range are associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. 46 Further, independent of disease, higher morning salivary cortisol concentrations in men and higher night salivary cortisol concentrations in women are associated with increased all-cause 6 to 7·5-year mortality.…”

Section: Hypothalamic–pituitary–peripheral Organ Axesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology of endocrine systems with ageing

Beld

Kaufman

Zillikens

et al. 2018

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

243

121

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During ageing, the secretory patterns of the hormones produced by the hypothalamic–pituitary axis change, as does the sensitivity of the axis to negative feedback by end hormones. Additionally, glucose homoeostasis tends towards disequilibrium with increasing age. Along with these endocrine alterations, a loss of bone and muscle mass and strength occurs, coupled with an increase in fat mass. In addition, ageing-induced effects are difficult to disentangle from the influence of other factors that are common in older people, such as chronic diseases, inflammation, and low nutritional status, all of which can also affect endocrine systems. Traditionally, the decrease in hormone activity during the ageing process has been considered to be detrimental because of the related decline in bodily functions. The concept of hormone replacement therapy was suggested as a therapeutic intervention to stop or reverse this decline. However, clearly some of these changes are a beneficial adaptation to ageing, whereas hormonal intervention often causes important adverse effects. In this paper, we discuss the effects of age on the different hypothalamic–pituitary–hormonal organ axes, as well as age-related changes in calcium and bone metabolism and glucose homoeostasis.

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Section: Hypothalamic–pituitary–peripheral Organ Axesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology of endocrine systems with ageing

Beld

Kaufman

Zillikens

et al. 2018

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

243

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A number of publications have failed to report age‐related disturbances in the circadian rhythm of CORT secretion or reported increased CORT levels in aged individuals immediately after waking in the morning. [ 22,40,50,51 ] In addition, in the case of aging in humans and animals, variants of the HPA axis reaction to ASE were revealed, including a decrease in reactivity, [ 21,22,39 ] increase in reactivity, [ 9,52 ] and absence of significant age‐related change [ 22,39,52 ]…”

Section: Responsivity Of the Hpa Axis To Stress Is Dependent On The Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

The HPA Axis under Stress and Aging: Individual Vulnerability is Associated with Behavioral Patterns and Exposure Time

Goncharova

2020

BioEssays

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With aging, incidence of severe stress‐related diseases increases. However, mechanisms, underlying individual vulnerability to stress and age‐related diseases are not clear. The goal of this review is to analyze finding from the recent literature on age‐related characteristics of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis associated with stress reactivity in animals that show behavioral signs of anxiety and depression under mild stress, and in human patients with anxiety disorders and depression with emphasis on the impact of the circadian rhythm and the negative feedback mechanisms involved in the stress response. One can conclude that HPA axis reaction to psycho‐emotional stress, at least acute stress, increases in the aged individuals with anxiety and depression behavior. Elevated stress reactivity is associated with disruption of the circadian rhythm and the mineralocorticoid receptor‐mediated glucocorticoid negative feedback. The disordered function of the HPA axis in individuals with anxiety and depression behavior can contribute to aging‐related pathology.

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“…There are very few studies analysing the effects of exercise on the diurnal cortisol secretion pattern and cognitive function with a cognitively impaired sample, and none of them includes participants with Alzheimer's disease. To the best of our knowledge, there are only three published studies in this regard, one cross-sectional ( Dijckmans et al, 2017 ) and two exercise interventions ( Baker and Frank, 2010 ; Tortosa-Martinez et al, 2015 ), which include a sample of older adults with aMCI.…”

Section: Exercise and The Diurnal Cycle Of Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a cross-sectional level, Dijckmans et al (2017) showed that a greater variance in cortisol levels across the day from morning to evening was associated with better physical performance and overall cognition in a sample of healthy older adults (N = 30) and people with MCI (N = 30). No relationship was found between the CAR and cognition or physical performance.…”

Section: The Influence Of Exercise On Cognition Through Changes In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, the diurnal cycle of cortisol and cognitive impairment in older adults

Tortosa-Martínez

Manchado

Cortell-Tormo

et al. 2018

Neurobiology of Stress

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Exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of developing Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease as well as to improve cognition in healthy and cognitively impaired individuals. However, the mechanisms of these benefits are not well understood. The stress hypothesis suggests that the cognitive benefits attributed to exercise may partially be mediated by changes in the cortisol secretion pattern. Chronic stress may increase the risk of AD and exacerbate the cognitive deficits and brain pathology characteristic of the condition while physical activity has been shown to attenuate most of stress consequences and risk factors for AD. Initially, research on the effects of cortisol on cognition and physical activity focused on cortisol levels at one time point but the circadian pattern of cortisol secretion is complex and it is still unclear which aspects are most closely associated with cognitive function. Thus, the aim of this review was to analyze the exercise/stress/cognition hypothesis focusing on the effects of the diurnal cycle of cortisol on cognitive function and physical activity in older adults with and without cognitive impairment.

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Does the diurnal cycle of cortisol explain the relationship between physical performance and cognitive function in older adults?

Cited by 26 publications

References 68 publications

The physiology of endocrine systems with ageing

The physiology of endocrine systems with ageing

The HPA Axis under Stress and Aging: Individual Vulnerability is Associated with Behavioral Patterns and Exposure Time

Exercise, the diurnal cycle of cortisol and cognitive impairment in older adults

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