Does the feedback of blood results in observational studies influence response and consent? A randomised study of the Understanding Society Innovation Panel

Benzeval, Michaela; Andrayas, Alexandria; Mazza, Jan; Baghal, Tarek Al; Burton, Jonathan; Crossley, Thomas F.

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1847006/v1

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The dotted line represents the point of no difference between the 2 groups, and the dashed line represents the average effect of all studies when pooled together. Data for 10 longitudinal studies [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] of patients 18-96 years old were obtained solely from a single study by Thompson et al, 48 including GS, which refers to the Generation Scotland−the Scottish Family Health Study; TwinsUK, the UK adult Twin Registry; and USOC, the Understanding Society−the UK Household Longitudinal Survey. OR indicates odds ratio.…”

Section: Chronic Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated With Post−COVID-19 Condition

et al. 2023

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ImportancePost−COVID-19 condition (PCC) is a complex heterogeneous disorder that has affected the lives of millions of people globally. Identification of potential risk factors to better understand who is at risk of developing PCC is important because it would allow for early and appropriate clinical support.ObjectiveTo evaluate the demographic characteristics and comorbidities that have been found to be associated with an increased risk of developing PCC.Data sourcesMedline and Embase databases were systematically searched from inception to December 5, 2022.Study SelectionThe meta-analysis included all published studies that investigated the risk factors and/or predictors of PCC in adult (≥18 years) patients.Data Extraction and SynthesisOdds ratios (ORs) for each risk factor were pooled from the selected studies. For each potential risk factor, the random-effects model was used to compare the risk of developing PCC between individuals with and without the risk factor. Data analyses were performed from December 5, 2022, to February 10, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe risk factors for PCC included patient age; sex; body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; smoking status; comorbidities, including anxiety and/or depression, asthma, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, immunosuppression, and ischemic heart disease; previous hospitalization or ICU (intensive care unit) admission with COVID-19; and previous vaccination against COVID-19.ResultsThe initial search yielded 5334 records of which 255 articles underwent full-text evaluation, which identified 41 articles and a total of 860 783 patients that were included. The findings of the meta-analysis showed that female sex (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.41-1.73), age (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11-1.33), high BMI (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08-1.23), and smoking (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.13) were associated with an increased risk of developing PCC. In addition, the presence of comorbidities and previous hospitalization or ICU admission were found to be associated with high risk of PCC (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.97-3.13 and OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 2.18-2.56, respectively). Patients who had been vaccinated against COVID-19 with 2 doses had a significantly lower risk of developing PCC compared with patients who were not vaccinated (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43-0.76).Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that certain demographic characteristics (eg, age and sex), comorbidities, and severe COVID-19 were associated with an increased risk of PCC, whereas vaccination had a protective role against developing PCC sequelae. These findings may enable a better understanding of who may develop PCC and provide additional evidence for the benefits of vaccination.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO Identifier: CRD42022381002

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Section: Chronic Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated With Post−COVID-19 Condition

et al. 2023

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“…In this sense, it differs from many COVID-19 surveys, as it used a probability sample generated by a major household panel study. The representativeness of the data has been evaluated frequently; the high-quality data allow population inferences ( Benzeval et al, 2020 ; Fisher et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…School closures might have placed additional burdens on single parents as they might have more competing responsibilities in and outside the home. Using the Understanding Society COVID-19 data, Benzeval et al (2020) found single parents faced more economic loss than others during the lockdown. Single parents might also have been less able to dedicate time and resources to home school their children.…”

Section: Family Background and Educational Inequalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The UK’s ethnic minorities suffered relatively more than others during the pandemic ( Benzeval et al, 2020 ), and this may have extended to education, with school closures widening the existing gaps between minority and majority students. Recent research shows those with Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Black-African and Black-Caribbean backgrounds are more likely to be key workers, thus rendering them vulnerable to the virus and putting extra pressure on family life ( Platt and Warwick, 2020 ).…”

Section: Family Background and Educational Inequalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inequalities in Home Learning and Schools’ Remote Teaching Provision during the COVID-19 School Closure in the UK

Bayrakdar

Güveli

2022

Sociology

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Millions were affected by COVID-19 school closures, with parents and schools caught unprepared. Education is expected to play a role in creating equal opportunities, so transferring schooling responsibilities to families may have increased learning inequalities generated by family backgrounds. We examined the time students spent on home learning and explored the role of the schools’ distance teaching provision in explaining differences traditionally attributed to parental education, eligibility for free school meals, ethnic background and single parenthood. Using the Understanding Society COVID-19 dataset, we found children who received free school meals, single-parent families and children with parents with lower formal education qualifications and Pakistani or Bangladeshi backgrounds spent significantly less time on schoolwork. However, schools’ provision of offline and online distance teaching and homework checking significantly increased the time spent on learning and reduced some inequalities, demonstrating the policy relevance of digital preparedness to limit learning loss in school closures.

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“…Data is collected at both the household and individual level, with the household level design enabling the inclusion of information about the partner's employment status. Understanding Society is generally representative of British society (Benzeval et al, 2020), with the sample's educational and ethnic distribution mirroring that of the 2011 census.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Type of Employment Uncertainty Matters When Becoming a Parent? An Analysis by Educational Attainment in the United Kingdom

Buh¹

2022

VID

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Multiple studies find that employment uncertainty has a negative association with the timing of first birth. However, there is significant debate about how to conceptualise and measure employment uncertainty-as contemporaneous objective measures, subjective perceptions, or early-career employment instability. Sex and education appear to determine which measures associate with delays in first birth timing. This study aims to empirically examine the influence of various employment uncertainty measures on individual timing of first birth by including social stratification and considering the relieving influences of partnership. It uses event history analysis starting three years after the end of formal education to examine how employment uncertainty is associated with the timing of first birth, differentiated by education. It employs data from the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study 2009-2020. The results indicate that employment uncertainty has a particularly negative association with timing of first birth among low educated individuals. For medium and high educated individuals, much of the significance disappears when adding partnership, but largely remains for low educated individuals. Contemporaneous objective measures like being employed at the time of interview accelerates the timing of first birth for women, while part-time work delays it for men. Low educated women who report that they are likely to lose their job in the next twelve months have an increased likelihood of first birth. Early-career joblessness appears to only delay first birth for low educated individuals.

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Does the feedback of blood results in observational studies influence response and consent? A randomised study of the Understanding Society Innovation Panel

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Risk Factors Associated With Post−COVID-19 Condition

Risk Factors Associated With Post−COVID-19 Condition

Inequalities in Home Learning and Schools’ Remote Teaching Provision during the COVID-19 School Closure in the UK

Which Type of Employment Uncertainty Matters When Becoming a Parent? An Analysis by Educational Attainment in the United Kingdom

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