Does the Freedom of the Seas Still Exist?

Hafner, Gerhard

doi:10.1163/9789004314375_024

Cited by 3 publications

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“…on activity areas, individual and cumulative environmental impacts, economic production as well as social aspects [15][16][17]. While comprehension of marine ecosystems is building up, knowledge of maritime activities was still recently considered an almost blind spot [18], shaped by the "freedom of the seas" [19]. In particular, apprehension of the spatial and temporal distribution of activities at sea remains fragmentary, and sometimes subjective [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring uses of maritime surveillance data for marine spatial planning: A review of scientific literature

et al. 2020

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Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) has become of key interest in many countries around the world in the last decade, leading to an increased need to inform the historical spatial and temporal footprint of maritime activities. If this knowledge was still recently considered a blind spot, recent developments of maritime surveillance systems (e.g. AIS, VTS, VMS) have allowed to fill some of these gaps by generating significant amounts of spatial data on ships at sea. In this paper, the use of these maritime surveillance data for planning purposes is explored through the lens of the international scientific literature. A first set of 2030 articles dealing with maritime surveillance data and collected through the Web of Science collection was explored to determine the type of data used, the maritime activities addressed and the main objective of each paper (technical developments, safety and security, environmental protection, MSP). This allowed to highlight the growing interest on maritime surveillance data in the scientific literature over the past decades, predominantly towards AIS data and shipping. Over the 2030 papers, only 63 dealt specifically with MSP. These were extracted and explored, allowing to highlight the potential of these data to feed in MSP processes, with a specific focus on fisheries. Nevertheless, the description of actual uses of surveillance-based information within MSP processes remained particularly rare. If this can be seen as a result of a science-policy delay, we suggest that it is mostly related to issues of accessibility, acceptance by economic stakeholders and appropriation by decision makers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring uses of maritime surveillance data for marine spatial planning: A review of scientific literature

et al. 2020

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Territorial Rights and Maritime Zones

Kirchner

Dervovic

Heinrich

2023

Global Encyclopedia of Territorial Rights

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Who owns marine biodiversity? Contesting the world order through the ‘common heritage of humankind’ principle

Vadrot

Langlet

Wysocki

2021

Environmental Politics

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The governance of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) lacks a legal framework that would ensure the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans. In order to fill this gap, governments have been negotiating a new treaty under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Negotiations have been afflicted by polarisation between two principles: The 'Freedom of the High Seas' (FOS) and the 'Common Heritage of Humankind' (CHP). Instead of discussing the CHP from a purely legal perspective, we examined, through an ethnographic lens, how it has become a practice of contestation: it is used as a tool and negotiation technique to challenge deeply rooted inequalities in the current world order. The CHP could make a difference if it was integrated into the text as a general principle committing all states to protect and preserve BBNJ for future generations -regardless of their imminent economic value as commercial assets.

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Does the Freedom of the Seas Still Exist?

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Exploring uses of maritime surveillance data for marine spatial planning: A review of scientific literature

Exploring uses of maritime surveillance data for marine spatial planning: A review of scientific literature

Territorial Rights and Maritime Zones

Who owns marine biodiversity? Contesting the world order through the ‘common heritage of humankind’ principle

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