Does the Gut Microbial Metabolome Really Matter? The Connection between GUT Metabolome and Neurological Disorders

Marć, Małgorzata Anna; Jastrząb, Rafał; Mytych, Jennifer

doi:10.3390/nu14193967

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 258 publications

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“…The age-related microbial imbalance of the gut microbiome contributes to the development of oxidative stress and inflammation that underlie arterial dysfunction. Such findings, therefore, support that good gut microbiota helps prevent cardiovascular disease [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Disease

Pavlidou

Fasoulas

Mantzorou

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The ‘gut microbiome’—the hundreds of trillions of bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract—serves several functions. The gut microbiome includes all the microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi in the gastrointestinal tract and their genetic material. It helps digest indigestible foods and produces nutrients. Through the metabolism of sugars and proteins, it helps the intestinal barrier, the immune system, and metabolism. Some bacteria, such as those in the gut microbiome, cause disease, but others are essential to our health. These “good” microbes protect us from pathogens. Numerous studies have linked an unhealthy gut microbiome to obesity, insulin resistance, depression, and cardiometabolic risk factors. To maximize probiotic benefits in each case, knowledge of probiotic bacterial strains and how to consume them should be increased. This study aims to examine the benefits of probiotic and prebiotic organisms on cardiovascular health, specifically on heart disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension. To complete the research, a literature review was conducted by gathering clinical studies and data. The clinical evidence demonstrates the beneficial effect of probiotics and prebiotic microorganisms on the gut microbiome, which has multiple benefits for overall health and especially for cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Disease

Pavlidou

Fasoulas

Mantzorou

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the consequential effects of gut dysbiosis is its wide-ranging effects on gut-derived metabolites. These metabolites often play a significant role in modulating inflammatory responses and the chronicity of symptoms [ 27 ]. In order to focus on a gut microbiome-directed approach in identifying modulators of inflammation and potential therapeutic targets [ 28 ], we performed a global metabolomics analysis using the fecal samples of the same groups, namely, Chow, Chow + GWI, WD, and WD + GWI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Dysbiosis Shows Strong Association of Gut-Derived Altered Metabolomic Profile in Gulf War Chronic Multisymptom Illness Symptom Persistence Following Western Diet Feeding and Development of Obesity

Bose

Stebliankin

Cickovski

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The pathophysiology of Gulf War Illness (GWI) remains elusive even after three decades. The persistence of multiple complex symptoms along with metabolic disorders such as obesity worsens the health of present Gulf War (GW) Veterans often by the interactions of the host gut microbiome and inflammatory mediators. In this study, we hypothesized that the administration of a Western diet might alter the host metabolomic profile, which is likely associated with the altered bacterial species. Using a five-month symptom persistence GWI model in mice and whole-genome sequencing, we characterized the species-level dysbiosis and global metabolomics, along with heterogenous co-occurrence network analysis, to study the bacteriome–metabolomic association. Microbial analysis at the species level showed a significant alteration of beneficial bacterial species. The beta diversity of the global metabolomic profile showed distinct clustering due to the Western diet, along with the alteration of metabolites associated with lipid, amino acid, nucleotide, vitamin, and xenobiotic metabolism pathways. Network analysis showed novel associations of gut bacterial species with metabolites and biochemical pathways that could be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets to ameliorate symptom persistence in GW Veterans.

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“…Probiotic agents augment an improvement of depression symptoms and stress-related diseases modulated by stress hormones and cytokines release [ 49 ] in conjunction with microbiota influencing the ability of neurons, brain tissue and immune cells to regulate inflammation [ 50 ]. Clinical and experimental data have indicated that the probiotics induce positive impacts upon the central nervous system [ 51 , 52 ]. Probiotics were shown to reduce CNS inflammatory processes and activation of microglia, decreasing neuroinflammation, probably through the production of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the improved synaptic plasticity, related to an increased concentration of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PsD95) [ 53 ] A randomized, double-blind, and controlled clinical trial on AD patients showed that a 12-week probiotic treatment induced a significant improvement in the MMSE score and a significant decrease in plasma malondialdehyde in the probiotic-treated group [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milmed Yeast Alters the LPS-Induced M1 Microglia Cells to Form M2 Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype

et al. 2022

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Microglial cells polarized towards a proinflammatory phenotype are considered the main cellular players of neuroinflammation, underlying several neurodegenerative diseases. Many studies have suggested that imbalance of the gut microbial composition is associated with an increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress that underlie chronic neuroinflammatory diseases, and perturbations to the gut microbiota were detected in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The importance of gut-brain axis has been uncovered and the relevance of an appropriate microbiota balance has been highlighted. Probiotic treatment, rebalancing the gut microbioma, may reduce inflammation. We show that Milmed yeast, obtained from S. cerevisiae after exposure to electromagnetic millimeter wavelengths, induces a reversal of LPS-M1 polarized microglia towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, as demonstrated morphologically by the recovery of resting phenotype by microglia, by the decrease in the mRNAs of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and in the expression of iNOS. Moreover, Milmed stimulated the secretion of IL-10 and the expression of Arginase-1, cell markers of M2 anti-inflammatory polarized cells. The present findings data suggest that Milmed may be considered to be a probiotic with diversified anti-inflammatory activity, capable of directing the polarization of microglial cells.

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Does the Gut Microbial Metabolome Really Matter? The Connection between GUT Metabolome and Neurological Disorders

Cited by 18 publications

References 258 publications

Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Disease

Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cardiovascular Disease

Microbiome Dysbiosis Shows Strong Association of Gut-Derived Altered Metabolomic Profile in Gulf War Chronic Multisymptom Illness Symptom Persistence Following Western Diet Feeding and Development of Obesity

Milmed Yeast Alters the LPS-Induced M1 Microglia Cells to Form M2 Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype

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