Does the north Atlantic oscillation affect hydrographic properties on the Canadian Atlantic continental shelf?

Petrie, Brian

doi:10.3137/ao.450302

Cited by 74 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…S11). These scales are comparable to those of climate forcing in the NWA and NEA (22)(23)(24)(29)(30)(31). Thus, these analyses reveal that, contrary to the prevailing assumption (2,16,17), the scales of fishing mortality are equivalent to those of atmosphere-ocean forcing, and could account for a significant portion of the large-scale synchrony that prevails in these cod stocks.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 68%

Large scale, synchronous variability of marine fish populations driven by commercial exploitation

Frank

Petrie

Leggett

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Synchronous variations in the abundance of geographically distinct marine fish populations are known to occur across spatial scales on the order of 1,000 km and greater. The prevailing assumption is that this large-scale coherent variability is a response to coupled atmosphere–ocean dynamics, commonly represented by climate indexes, such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation. On the other hand, it has been suggested that exploitation might contribute to this coherent variability. This possibility has been generally ignored or dismissed on the grounds that exploitation is unlikely to operate synchronously at such large spatial scales. Our analysis of adult fishing mortality and spawning stock biomass of 22 North Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stocks revealed that both the temporal and spatial scales in fishing mortality and spawning stock biomass were equivalent to those of the climate drivers. From these results, we conclude that greater consideration must be given to the potential of exploitation as a driving force behind broad, coherent variability of heavily exploited fish species.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 68%

Large scale, synchronous variability of marine fish populations driven by commercial exploitation

Frank

Petrie

Leggett

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The strongest direct ocean temperature impact of NAO variability is in the Labrador Sea, upstream from our study area, where changes in the wind field induce colder (warmer) temperatures during positive (negative) phases of the NAO (Greene et al, 2013). Through changes in relative water mass transport, positive (negative) NAO phases result in warmer and saltier (colder and fresher) slope waters off the northern portion of our study area (Petrie, 2007;Greene et al, 2013). Changes in slope water hydrographic characteristics appear along the Scotian Shelf and enter the Gulf of Maine with 1-2 years lag (Greene and Pershing, 2003;Petrie, 2007;Mountain, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through changes in relative water mass transport, positive (negative) NAO phases result in warmer and saltier (colder and fresher) slope waters off the northern portion of our study area (Petrie, 2007;Greene et al, 2013). Changes in slope water hydrographic characteristics appear along the Scotian Shelf and enter the Gulf of Maine with 1-2 years lag (Greene and Pershing, 2003;Petrie, 2007;Mountain, 2012). We found maximum interaction between the NAO and summer phenology metrics across 2 and 3 years of lag, extending to 4 years, encompassing the time frames of these studies and that of Xu et al (2015), who found a maximum cross-correlation of Gulf of Maine SST anomalies with the NAO at 4 years lag for the period 1982-2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf

Thomas

Pershing

Friedland

et al. 2017

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Thomas, AC, et al 2017 Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf. Elem Sci Anth, 5: 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.240 Introduction Sea surface temperatures (SST) on the North American continental shelf from Cape Hatteras to Nova Scotia (Figure 1) (hereinafter referred to as the northeastern shelf) exhibit one of the strongest warming trends of the global ocean (Burrows et al., 2011;Pershing et al., 2015; Saba et al., 2015), and the region has recently been subjected to a strong heat wave (Mills et al., 2013; Scannell et al., 2016). The warming trend has been implicated in shifts in the distribution of marine species (Lucey and Nye, 2010;Pinsky et al., 2013), many of which are of commercial importance (Nye et al., 2009;Pinsky and Fogarty, 2012), and some of which are invasive species able to exploit new ranges (e.g. Maynard et al., 2016; Stephenson et al., 2009). Such trends impose serious challenges for fisheries and fisheries management (e.g. Pinsky and Fogarty, 2012;Pershing et al., 2015). However, temperature interactions with species distributions and behaviors occur not only through trends in temperatures, latitudinal shifts in isotherms, or even in episodic events such as heat waves, but also through shifts in phenology, the timing within temperature seasonal cycles (Asch, 2015;Burrows et al., 2011). Friedland and Hare (2007) ). Winter (January-April) trends are relatively weak, and even negative in some areas; early summer (May-June) trends are positive everywhere, and later summer (July-September) trends are strongest (~1.0°C decade -1). These seasonal differences shift the phenology of many metrics of the SST cycle. The yearday on which specific temperature thresholds (8° and 12°C) are reached in spring trends earlier, most strongly over the Scotian Shelf and Gulf of Maine (~ -0.5 days year ). Three metrics defining the warmest summer period show significant trends towards earlier summer starts, later summer ends and longer summer duration over the entire study region. Trends in start and end dates are strongest (~1 day year -1 ) over the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf. Trends in increased summer duration are >2.0 days year -1 in parts of the Gulf of Maine. Regression analyses show that phenology trends have regionally varying links to the North Atlantic Oscillation, to local spring and summer atmospheric pressure and air temperature and to Gulf Stream position. For effective monitoring and management of dynamically heterogeneous shelf regions, the results highlight the need to quantify spatial and seasonal differences in SST trends as well as trends in SST phenology, each of which likely has implications for the ecological functioning of the shelf.

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“…Applying this correction to the decadal mean pCO 2 (roughly 420 µatm), the observed decrease in temperature anomaly (0.13 • C per year) would account for a decrease in pCO 2 of 2.2 µatm per year, as revealed by the pCO 2 anomaly. The negative, or near neutral, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index over the past decade is associated with an increased transport of cold Labrador Current Water onto the Scotian Shelf, and thus with anomalously cold waters in the region (Thompson and Wallace, 2001;Petrie, 2007;Thomas et al, 2008). The cooling of the water effectively shifts the position of the equilibrium pCO 2 state, driving the system toward uptake.…”

Section: Multi-annual Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-Sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes on the Scotian Shelf: seasonal to multi-annual variability

et al. 2010

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Abstract.We develop an algorithm to compute pCO 2 in the Scotian Shelf region (NW Atlantic) from satellite-based estimates of chlorophyll-a concentration, sea-surface temperature, and observed wind speed. This algorithm is based on a high-resolution time-series of pCO 2 observations from an autonomous mooring. There is a gradient in the air-sea CO 2 flux between the northeastern Cabot Strait region which acts as a net sink of CO 2 with an annual uptake of 0.50 to 1.00 mol C m −2 yr −1 , and the southwestern Gulf of Maine region which acts as a source ranging from −0.80 to −2.50 mol C m −2 yr −1 . There is a decline, or a negative trend, in the air-sea pCO 2 gradient of 23 µatm over the decade, which can be explained by a cooling of 1.3 • C over the same period. Regional conditions govern spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability on the Scotian Shelf, while multi-annual trends appear to be influenced by larger scale processes.

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Does the north Atlantic oscillation affect hydrographic properties on the Canadian Atlantic continental shelf?

Cited by 74 publications

References 24 publications

Large scale, synchronous variability of marine fish populations driven by commercial exploitation

Large scale, synchronous variability of marine fish populations driven by commercial exploitation

Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf

Air-Sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes on the Scotian Shelf: seasonal to multi-annual variability

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Does the north Atlantic oscillation affect hydrographic properties on the Canadian Atlantic continental shelf?

Cited by 74 publications

References 24 publications

Large scale, synchronous variability of marine fish populations driven by commercial exploitation

Large scale, synchronous variability of marine fish populations driven by commercial exploitation

Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf

Air-Sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes on the Scotian Shelf: seasonal to multi-annual variability

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Air-Sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes on the Scotian Shelf: seasonal to multi-annual variability