Does the polygenic profile determine the potential for becoming a world‐class athlete? Insights from the sport of rowing

Santiago, Catalina; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Muniesa, Carlos; González-Freire, Marta; Gómez‐Gallego, Félix; Lucía, Alejandro

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00943.x

Cited by 54 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Such performance would seem to arise from the interaction between environmental factors (i.e., years of intense training stimuli) and an overall 'favourable' (though not necessarily 'optimal') genetic endowment. This is in agreement with recent findings with other Caucasian (Spanish) athletes Ruiz et al 2010;Santiago et al 2009). On the other hand, to note is that those polymorphisms for which we found greater differences between endurance athletes and controls (i.e., greater frequency of individuals with a GS of 2) were the three polymorphisms in NRF2, and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Mitochondrial biogenesis related endurance genotype score and sports performance in athletes

et al. 2011

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We determined the probability of individuals having the 'optimal' mitochondrial biogenesis related endurance polygenic profile, and compared the endurance polygenic profile of Israeli (Caucasian) endurance athletes (n=74), power athletes (n=81), and non-athletes (n=240). We computed a mitochondrial biogenesis related 'endurance genotype score' (EGS, scoring from 0 to 100) from the accumulated combination of six polymorphisms in the PPARGC1A-NRF-TFAM pathway. Some of the variant alleles of the polymorphisms studied were so infrequent, that the probability of possessing an 'optimal' EGS (=100) was 0% in the entire study population. However, the EGS was significantly higher (P<0.001) in endurance athletes (38.9±17.1) compared with controls (30.6±12.4) or power athletes (29.0±11.2). In summary, although the probability of an individual possessing a theoretically 'optimal' genetic background for endurance sports is very low, in general endurance athletes have a polygenic profile that is more suitable for mitochondrial biogenesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Mitochondrial biogenesis related endurance genotype score and sports performance in athletes

et al. 2011

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“…Such phenomenon would explain specific genetic differences among individuals (i.e. Olympic-class sprinters vs. Olympic-class endurance athletes) Santiago et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The −786 T/C polymorphism of the NOS3 gene is associated with elite performance in power sports

Gómez‐Gallego

Ruiz

Buxens³

et al. 2009

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The NOS3 gene is a candidate to explain individual variations in health and exercise related phenotypes. We compared genotypic and allelic frequencies of the NOS3 -786 T/C polymorphism (rs2070744) in three groups of men of the same Caucasian (Spanish) descent: (i) elite endurance athletes (cyclists, runners; N = 100); (ii) elite power athletes (jumpers, throwers, sprinters; N = 53) and (iii) non-athletic controls (N = 100). The frequency of the TT genotype was significantly higher in power athletes (57%) than in the endurance (33%, P = 0.017) or control group (34%, P = 0.026). The frequency of the T allele was also higher in power sportsmen (71%) than in their endurance (55%, P = 0.003) and control referents (56%, P = 0.015). No differences were observed between control and endurance groups. In summary, the -786 T/C polymorphism of the NOS3 gene seems to be associated with elite performance in power-oriented athletic events (throwing, jumping, sprinting), with the T allele exerting a beneficial effect. The mechanism by which this allele variant might benefit power performance remains to be elucidated.

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“…Using this score, it is possible to assess the balance between several selected di erent polymorphisms that are knowingly relevant to performance 41 . From 2009 to the present day, the TGS has been used by some research groups and has proved to be a sensitive tool to di erentiate endurance from strength/power athletes 31,47,[53][54] . Additionally, the use of TGS has revealed that high-elite athletes have a polygenic pro le signi cantly di erent from the general population, which probably makes athletes more favourable to sports success 18 .…”

Section: The Importance Of Making Comparisons Between Homogeneous Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and sport performance: current challenges and directions to the future

Guilherme

Tritto

North³

et al. 2014

Rev. bras. educ. fís. esporte

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In recent years there has been a great progress in molecular biology techniques, which has facilitated the researches on infl uence of genetics on human performance. There are specifi c regions of DNA that can vary between individuals. Such variations (i.e., polymorphisms) may, in part, explain why some individuals have differentiated responses to certain stimuli, including the responses to sports training. In a particular sport, the presence of specifi c polymorphisms may contribute to high levels of performance. Since 1998, several polymorphisms have been associated with athletic phenotypes; however the accumulation of information generated over these 15 years shows that the infl uence of genetics to sport is extremely complex. In this review, we will summarise the current status of the fi eld, discussing the implications of available knowledge for the practice of professionals involved with the sport and suggesting future directions for research. We also discuss topics related to the importance of polygenic profi le characterization of athletes, methods for the identifi cation of new polymorphisms associated with physical performance, the use of genetic testing for predicting competitive success, and how crucial is the genetic profi le for the success athletes in competition.

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Does the polygenic profile determine the potential for becoming a world‐class athlete? Insights from the sport of rowing

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

Mitochondrial biogenesis related endurance genotype score and sports performance in athletes

Mitochondrial biogenesis related endurance genotype score and sports performance in athletes

The −786 T/C polymorphism of the NOS3 gene is associated with elite performance in power sports

Genetics and sport performance: current challenges and directions to the future

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