“…Most reports on its use are for moderate size stones (10-20 mm) and lower calyceal stones that are difficult to handle using extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). 4,[6][7][8]10,12,13,15,16,20,23,[38][39][40] Microperc is also performed for pediatric renal stones, 1,7,18,20,40 pelvic ectopic kidney stones, 4,7,8,20,40 kidney stones following partial nephrectomy, 21 kidney stones in severe kyphoscoliosis, 14,26 bladder stones, 6 stones in the isthmus of a horseshoe kidney, 7,21 and awkward lower calyceal anatomy. 7,21 The ideal scenario for microperc is a single calyceal stone, pelvic stone, or multiple stones parallel to the percutaneous renal tract so that lithotripsy can be completed with a single tract and multiple punctures avoi ded.…”