Does the Size-Arrival Effect Occur with an Active Collision- Avoidance Task in an Immersive 3D Virtual Reality Environment?

DeLucia, Patricia R.; Braly, Adam M.; Savoy, Bria R

doi:10.1177/1071181320641263

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Besides, participants estimated the TTC to be longer for faster (M = 3.14 s, 95% CI = [2.71 s, 3.57 s]) than for slower vehicles (M = 2.55 s, 95% CI = [2.21 s, 2.88 s]). The main effect of velocity is consistent with a size-arrival effect (DeLucia, 1991(DeLucia, , 2013DeLucia et al, 2020;DeLucia & Warren, 1994), or a distance bias (Law et al, 1993), that predicts longer TTC estimates for objects of a smaller optical size or at a greater distance than for larger or close objects. In a prediction-motion paradigm, a faster vehicle is farther away at occlusion than a slower one at the same actual TTC.…”

Section: Ttc Estimation For Vehicles With Constant Velocitysupporting

confidence: 62%

Auditory Information Improves Time-to-collision Estimation for Accelerating Vehicles

2022

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To cross a road safely, pedestrians estimate the time remaining until an approaching vehicle arrives at their location (time-to-collision, TTC). For visually presented accelerated objects, however, TTC estimates are known to show a first-order pattern indicating that acceleration is not adequately considered. We investigated whether added vehicle sound can reduce these estimation errors. Twenty-five participants estimated the TTC of vehicles approaching with constant velocity or accelerating, from a pedestrian’s perspective at the curb in a traffic simulation. For visually-only presented accelerating vehicles, the TTC estimates showed the expected first-order pattern and thus large estimation errors. With added vehicle sound, the first-order pattern was largely removed, and TTC estimates were significantly more accurate compared to the visual-only presentation. For constant velocities, TTC estimates in both presentation conditions were predominantly accurate. Taken together, the sound of an accelerating vehicle can compensate for erroneous visual TTC estimates presumably by promoting the consideration of acceleration.

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Section: Ttc Estimation For Vehicles With Constant Velocitysupporting

confidence: 62%

Auditory Information Improves Time-to-collision Estimation for Accelerating Vehicles

2022

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“…A1 . Since at the slower constant velocity, the D occ at a given TTC was smaller and the optical size was larger than at the faster speed, this result is compatible with a distance bias [ 58 ] or a size-arrival effect [ [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] ]. In this study, the two effects cannot be distinguished because the physical size of the vehicle did not change and thus distance and optical size at occlusion were perfectly correlated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A binary acceleration signal reduces overestimation in pedestrians’ visual time-to-collision estimation for accelerating vehicles

Wessels,

Oberfeld

2024

Heliyon

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“…We propose to exploit a time-honored and robust phenomenon of TTC estimation, namely, the size–arrival effect [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], to enhance the CMS mirror image in order to compensate for the inadequate consideration of acceleration of observers. The size–arrival effect refers to a perceptual phenomenon in which observers mistakenly factor the retinal size of objects into their TTC estimations: large objects are estimated to arrive earlier than small objects that approach in the same environment and at the same speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camera–Monitor Systems as An Opportunity to Compensate for Perceptual Errors in Time-to-Contact Estimations

Wögerbauer,

Hecht,

Wessels

2023

Vision

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For the safety of road traffic, it is crucial to accurately estimate the time it will take for a moving object to reach a specific location (time-to-contact estimation, TTC). Observers make more or less accurate TTC estimates of objects of average size that are moving at constant speeds. However, they make perceptual errors when judging objects which accelerate or which are unusually large or small. In the former case, for instance, when asked to extrapolate the motion of an accelerating object, observers tend to assume that the object continues to move with the speed it had before it went out of sight. In the latter case, the TTC of large objects is underestimated, whereas the TTC of small objects is overestimated, as if physical size is confounded with retinal size (the size–arrival effect). In normal viewing, these perceptual errors cannot be helped, but camera–monitor systems offer the unique opportunity to exploit the size–arrival effect to cancel out errors induced by the failure to respond to acceleration. To explore whether such error cancellation can work in principle, we conducted two experiments using a prediction-motion paradigm in which the size of the approaching vehicle was manipulated. The results demonstrate that altering the vehicle’s size had the expected influence on the TTC estimation. This finding has practical implications for the implementation of camera–monitor systems.

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Does the Size-Arrival Effect Occur with an Active Collision- Avoidance Task in an Immersive 3D Virtual Reality Environment?

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Auditory Information Improves Time-to-collision Estimation for Accelerating Vehicles

Auditory Information Improves Time-to-collision Estimation for Accelerating Vehicles

A binary acceleration signal reduces overestimation in pedestrians’ visual time-to-collision estimation for accelerating vehicles

Camera–Monitor Systems as An Opportunity to Compensate for Perceptual Errors in Time-to-Contact Estimations

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