Does the Smoke Ever Really Clear? Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Raises New Concerns

Burton, Adrian

doi:10.1289/ehp.119-a70

Cited by 75 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Recent research [6][7][8] has demonstrated that not only are individuals at risk from smoking itself or second hand smoke produced, but they are also exposed to what is referred to as third hand smoke (THS). THS is formed from tobacco smoke or vapour and remains deposited after the smoking has ceased.…”

Section: (I)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…THS is formed from tobacco smoke or vapour and remains deposited after the smoking has ceased. Studies have found that nicotine and other compounds can be found in house dust, cars and hotel rooms and on surfaces [6]. The deposited nicotine can react with pollutants, such as nitrous acid and ozone to form toxic and potentially mutagenic and cytotoxic compounds known as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) [7,8] which can be reemitted back into the environment by degassing or through movements of dust [6].…”

Section: (I)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid Chromatography Electrochemical Determination of Nicotine in Third‐Hand Smoke

et al. 2016

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Third-hand smoke (THS) can be defined as the contamination of surfaces by second-hand smoke.This residue can form further pollutants which can be re-suspended in dust or be re-emitted into the gas phase. THS is a complex mixture and as a result studies have focused on nicotine as a marker of THS, it being the most abundant and indicative organic compound deposited. In this present study, the extraction of dust wipe samples and the subsequent chromatographic conditions required for the separation of nicotine by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection were investigated and optimised. The optimum chromatographic conditions were identified as a 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm C 18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 65 % methanol, 35 % pH 8 20 mM phosphate buffer. Hydrodynamic voltammetry was used to optimise the applied potential which was identified to be +1.8 V (vs. stainless steel). Under these conditions, a linear range for nicotine of 13 to 3240 µg/L (0.26 ng -65 ng on column) was obtained, with a detection limit of 3.0 µg/L (0.06 ng on column) based on a signal-to-noise ratio of three. Dust wipe samples were extracted in methanol with the aid of sonication. Mean recoveries of 98.4 % (% CV = 7.8 %) were found for dust wipe samples spiked with 6.50 µg of nicotine. Musk ketone, urea and stearic acid were found not to interfere. Communal entrance ways were found to be contaminated with THS nicotine levels of between 66.8 and 156 µg/m 2 .

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Section: (I)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (I)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Chromatography Electrochemical Determination of Nicotine in Third‐Hand Smoke

et al. 2016

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“…Third-hand smoke refers to the residue that is left behind on furniture, walls, and carpeting after a cigarette has been extinguished. This term first appeared in print in 2006 but it became more widely known when used in 2009 by Jonathan Winickoff (Burton, 2011). Third-hand smoke may lead to contact of harmful compounds (Rehan et al, 2011) and has several exposure routes.…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Pollutants: Relevant Aspects and Health Impacts

Slezáková¹,

Morais²,

Pereira³

2012

Environmental Health - Emerging Issues and Practice

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“…In taxonomy, this would be especially interesting for legacy taxon treatments from dozens or hundreds of years ago that are often barely accessible. Other scenarios are possible, for instance, an article on Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Concerns [14] in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives [15] has been adapted into a corresponding wiki entry at the Encyclopedia of Earth [16].…”

Section: "Although the Potential Of The Internet For Improving The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

Wikis in scholarly publishing*

Mietchen

Hagedorn

Förstner

et al. 2011

ISU

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Authors AbstractScientific research is a process concerned with the creation, collective accumulation, contextualization, updating and maintenance of knowledge. Wikis provide an environment that allows to collectively accumulate, contextualize, update and maintain knowledge in a coherent and transparent fashion. Here, we examine the potential of wikis as platforms for scholarly publishing. In the hope to stimulate further discussion, the article itself was drafted on Species-ID -http://species-id.net; a wiki that hosts a prototype for wiki-based scholarly publishing -where it can be updated, expanded or otherwise improved.

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Does the Smoke Ever Really Clear? Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Raises New Concerns

Cited by 75 publications

References 18 publications

Liquid Chromatography Electrochemical Determination of Nicotine in Third‐Hand Smoke

Liquid Chromatography Electrochemical Determination of Nicotine in Third‐Hand Smoke

Indoor Air Pollutants: Relevant Aspects and Health Impacts

Wikis in scholarly publishing*

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