“…After China's economy enters a new stage of development, improving the total factor productivity is a critical concern that must be resolved without delay. Studies have explored the path of improving the total factor productivity of enterprises from government macro-control policies (Bartelsman et al, 2013;Alfaro and Chari, 2014), financial friction (Ziebarth, 2013;Midrigan and Xu, 2014;Lin et al, 2022), market information (Bennett et al, 2020), information and communication technology (Shao and Lin, 2016;Xie et al, 2020), and exchange rate fluctuations (Cao et al, 2022) and other aspects. Other studies have also explored the impact of environmental regulation on the total factor productivity of enterprises (Albrizio et al, 2017;Shen et al, 2019;Peng et al, 2021), however, most of them focus on command-and-control environmental policies and emission trading systems, and there is limited research on China's environmental protection tax.…”