“…Previous research indicates that teachers primarily rely on students’ achievement in primary education when formulating these track recommendations (Driessen, 2005; Feron et al., 2013; Luyten & Bosker, 2004; Timmermans et al., 2015; van Leest et al., 2020, in press), but also to a small extent on students’ background characteristics, such as their gender, socioeconomic status (SES) or ethnic background (Batruch et al., 2023; Boone et al., 2018; Klapproth et al., 2013; Korpershoek et al., 2016; Krolak‐Schwerdt et al., 2017; Timmermans et al., 2013; van Leest et al., 2020, in press). The extent to which teachers also consider other student attributes in their track recommendations, such as their perceptions of students’ work habits or parental involvement, and how predictive these perceived attributes are for secondary school performance is, however, unclear.…”