Does the third culture kid experience predict levels of prejudice?

Melles, Elizabeth A.; Schwartz, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.08.001

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In some studies, the duration of time participants lived abroad during their developmental years was not specified and TCK status was based on attendance at an international school (e.g., Straffon, 2003). Other studies restricted their samples to participants who lived abroad for a minimum period of time, but the duration ranged from 6 months (e.g., Melles & Schwartz, 2013; Selmer & Lauring, 2014) to 4 years (e.g., Lyttle et al, 2011; Moore & Barker, 2012). In this study, the broader definition of (A)TCKs was adopted, but the vast majority of the participants had extensive experience living abroad prior to high school graduation ( M = 9.20 years; SD = 5.23).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a web-based study, Peterson and Plamondon (2009) focused on U.S. ATCKs in young adulthood and found that the number of countries participants lived in was associated with lower levels of authoritarianism, but that frequent repatriations were associated with increased authoritarianism in women. Two web-based studies which included ATCKs from diverse age groups, however, yielded mixed support for the view that early international experiences are associated with lower levels of prejudice and with higher levels of interpersonal sensitivity (Lyttle, Barker, & Cornwell, 2011; Melles & Schwartz, 2013). To date, only a few quantitative studies have focused on the psychosocial adjustment of ATCKs.…”

Section: Review Of Qualitative and Quantitative Research On (A)tcksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality, Well-Being, and Cognitive-Affective Styles: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adult Third Culture Kids

Abe

2018

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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Third Culture Kids (TCKs) and their adult counterparts (ATCKs) refer to individuals who spent part of their developmental years abroad and are an important demographic to study in this rapidly globalizing world. To date, the bulk of the research on (A)TCKs has been descriptive and little is known about their developmental trajectories in adulthood. The major objective of this study was to examine the personality traits, dimensions of well-being, and cognitive-affective styles of ATCKs across the adult life span using well-validated psychological measures. A subsidiary goal was to develop a new multidimensional international experiences scale to assess levels of multicultural engagement in ATCKs. The participants in this study (N = 700+; age = 18-80+) were recruited from the Alumni Office of an international school in Japan. Somewhat contrary to how they are often depicted in the news media and in qualitative studies, the ATCKs showed normative changes in personality and well-being in the direction of greater maturity and adjustment during adulthood, with those reporting higher levels of multicultural engagement generally exhibiting a more resilient personality profile, higher levels of well-being, and more adaptive cognitive and affective styles.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Qualitative and Quantitative Research On (A)tcksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality, Well-Being, and Cognitive-Affective Styles: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adult Third Culture Kids

Abe

2018

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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“…I can certainly relate. Melles and Schwartz (2013) observe, "With the burgeoning globalization over the last century, TCKs and ATCKs are becoming more common" (p. 261). Not only more common, TCKs and ATCKs are becoming more publicly visible.…”

Section: Sleeping Surrounded By Mosquito Netting and Mud Brickmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Lijadi and van Schalkwyk (2014), Melles and Schwartz (2013), Davis, Suarez, Crawford, and Rehfuss (2013), Moore and Barker (2012), Ittel and Sisler (2012), Russell (2011), Lyttle, Barker, andCornwell (2011), Limberg and Lambie (2011), Hoersting and Jenkins (2011), Pollock andVan Reken (2009), Peterson and Plamadon ( 2009), Dewaele and van Oudenhoven ( 2009), Sheard ( 2008), Gilbert (2008), Fail, Thompson, and Walker (2004), and Straffon (2003.…”

Section: Notementioning

confidence: 99%

Coming “Home”

Hopkins

2015

Qualitative Inquiry

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Born in the United States, I grew up in Senegal, West Africa, where my parents worked as missionary linguists. “Coming ‘Home’” tells the story of my return to the United States after graduating from high school. I frame my personal memories, shared in the form of poems (following the methodology outlined by David Hanauer’s Poetry as Research), with reflexive analysis (using the theory of David Pollock and Ruth van Reken’s Third Culture Kids). I examine the difficulty of leaving particular places and people from the “host culture,” as well as the challenge of transition back into the “home” culture.

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“…Empirical research has not, however, proven the accuracy of this statement. While a number of studies have assessed the specific qualities of TCKs and ATCKs (Dewaele and van Oudenhoven, 2009; Lyttle et al , 2011; Melles and Schwartz, 2013), and others have directly compared ATCKs with AMCKs (Selmer and Lauring, 2014; Abe, 2018), few (if any) studies have yet explored ATCK status as a boundary condition for the role of adjustment in relation to experienced personal development. In this study, we aim to examine if ATCKs and AMCKs experience interaction adjustment in the same way and the extent to which it impacts on personal development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult third culture kids: adjustment and personal development

Lauring

Guttormsen

McNulty

2019

CCSM

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how interaction adjustment influences personal development for expatriates and to examine whether the effect differs between adults that have, and have not, lived abroad during their adolescence. Design/methodology/approach The authors use survey responses from 424 business expatriates in Asia distinguishing between adult third culture kids (ATCKs) that have lived abroad during their adolescence and adult mono-culture kids (AMCKs) who have not. Findings The results show that while interaction adjustment generally improves the experience of personal development, this effect is stronger for ATCKs. AMCKs will experience personal development almost independently of their interaction adjustment with host nationals solely due to the novelty of the international experience. For ATCKs, just being in the new country is not enough for them to feel they have developed personally; they need to engage more deeply with the local population to achieve this. Originality/value The authors still know very little about ATCKs and about how expatriation during their adulthood develops them personally, given they have already had international experiences at a young age.

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Does the third culture kid experience predict levels of prejudice?

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Personality, Well-Being, and Cognitive-Affective Styles: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adult Third Culture Kids

Personality, Well-Being, and Cognitive-Affective Styles: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adult Third Culture Kids

Coming “Home”

Adult third culture kids: adjustment and personal development

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