Does the tissue engineering architecture of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) scaffold affects cell–material interactions?

Abstract

A critical element in tissue engineering involves the fabrication of a three-dimensional scaffold. The scaffold provides a space for new tissue formation, supports cellular ingrowth, and proliferation and mimics many roles of the extracellular matrix. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is the most thoroughly investigated member of the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) family that has various degrees of biocompatibility and biodegradability for tissue engineering applications. In this study, we fabricated PHB scaffolds by utilizing electrospinning and salt-leaching procedures. The behavior of monkey epithelial kidney cells (Vero) and mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) on these scaffolds was compared by the MTS assay and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, this study investigated the mechanical and physical properties of these scaffolds by measuring tensile strength and modulus, dynamic contact angle and porosity. According to our results, the salt-leached scaffolds showed more wettability and permeability, but inferior mechanical properties when compared with nanofibrous scaffolds. In terms of cell response, salt-leached scaffolds showed enhanced Vero cell proliferation, whereas both scaffolds responded similarly in the case of mMSCs proliferation. In brief, nanofibrous scaffolds can be a better substrate for cell attachment and morphology.

Inactivation of Heparin by Cationically Modified Chitosan

“…It is well known that quaternized chitosans are non-cytotoxic and have many beneficial effects [10]. On the other hand, not all chitosan derivatives proved to be nontoxic—e.g., tertiary amines are less cytotoxic than primary ones as found by in study with Monomac cells [38]. …”

Evaluation of structural and mechanical properties of electrospun nano-micro hybrid of poly hydroxybutyrate-chitosan/silk scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering

“…Moreover, Masaeli et al . [25] could fabricate electrospinning of P3HB nanofibers with an average diameter of 993 nm and porosity 84.31. Masaeli et al .…”

Polymers for medical and tissue engineering applications

“…The difficulties that these properties pose have been shown to be overcome with various scaffold fabrication methods, surface property modification procedures and other techniques. A primary example of such attempts includes the functionalization of PHB matrices by blending it with co‐polymers such as hydroxyvalerate (PHV) . The incorporation of hydroxyapatite particles in PHB‐based scaffolds have also highlighted the contribution of such factors in enhancing the success of these scaffolds in tissue engineering approaches by the ability of hydroxyapatite to not only attract osteoblastic activity but also modify the microarchitecture for a more porous material.…”

“…A primary example of such attempts includes the functionalization of PHB matrices by blending it with co-polymers such as hydroxyvalerate (PHV). 153 The incorporation of hydroxyapatite particles in PHB-based scaffolds have also highlighted the contribution of such factors in enhancing the success of these scaffolds wileyonlinelibrary.com/jctb in tissue engineering approaches by the ability of hydroxyapatite to not only attract osteoblastic activity but also modify the microarchitecture for a more porous material. Similarly, the porosity achievable with use of aqueous emulsions have also been shown to positively impact PHB scaffold performance.…”