Does urinary metabolite signature act as a biomarker of post-stroke depression?

Abstract

BackgroundIt is difficult to conduct the precise diagnosis of post-stroke depression (PSD) in clinical practice due to the complex psychopathology of depressive disorder. Several studies showed that gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-identified urinary metabolite biomarkers could significantly discriminate PSD from stroke survivors.MethodsA systematic review was performed for the keywords of “urinary metabolite” and “PSD” using Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Wanfang, CNKI, CBM, and VIP database from inception to 31 March 2022.ResultsFour related studies were included in the review. Differential urinary metabolites including lactic acid, palmitic acid, azelaic acid, and tyrosine were identified in all the included studies. As a significant deviation in the metabolite biomarker panel, glyceric acid, azelaic acid, phenylalanine, palmitic acid, pseudouridine, and tyrosine were found in at least 2 included studies, which indicated good potential for the differentiation of PSD.ConclusionThe systematic review provided evidence that differential urinary metabolites analyzed by the GC-MS-based approach might be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of PSD.

Recent Progress in Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics in Major Depressive Disorder Research

“…Due to the high reproducibility of electron ionization in MS, GC-MS can utilize many mass spectra libraries, which enables relatively easy identification of peaks. Several studies have shown that urinary metabolite biomarkers identified by GC-MS can identify post-stroke depression (PSD) in stroke survivors [17]. A biomarker panel consisting of glyceric acid, tyrosine, and azelaic acid was identified in middle-aged and elderly patients with PSD [18,19].…”

Metabolic Alterations and Related Biological Functions of Post-Stroke Depression in Ischemic Stroke Patients

“…A systematic review showed that differential urinary metabolites detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) had good potential for the differentiation of PSD. 25 One plasma metabolomic study based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) showed that amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress were associated with PSD. 26 Another plasma metabolomic study based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) indicated that disorders of neurotransmitter levels and oxidative stress were involved in the initiation of PSD.…”