“…The first studio to sign a decree was RKO in 1948, followed by Paramount in 1949, Fox and Warner Bros. in 1951, and finally MGM in 1952. The actual spinoff between the parent studios and their theater branches came shortly after: Paramount in 1949, RKO in 1950, Fox and Warner Bros. in 1953, and MGM in 1954 (Gil 2014; Block and Wilson 2010, p. 251).…”