Does Vitamin D Supplementation have a Positive and Important Response in the Immune System on Covid-19 Pandemic? A Short Critical Analysis

Abstract

In recent years, new viruses have emerged and caused pandemics in several countries, making it a global health problem through respiratory infection. This study aims to demonstrate through an analysis of evidence, that vitamin D supplementation in cases of hypovitaminosis D in risk groups induces an increase changes in the immune system due to worsening and, thus, the body becomes conducive to development viral diseases like COVID-19. Therefore, methodological techniques were used in meta-analysis and systematic reviews parallel to the FINER strategy in the selection of the included studies to be used in the construction of this critical analysis. In this study, 05 articles were selected for inclusion in this critical analysis. Vitamin D plays an immune protective role in the body, decreasing the risk of complications in COVID-19. The decrease in immune cells and cytokines can be used as a biomarker in the process of worsening COVID-19.

Vitamin D, Zinc and Iron in Adult Patients with Covid-19 and Their Action in The Immune Response as Biomarkers: A Case Report

“…In Italy, COVID-19 manifests itself in patients through high fever (≥ 38.0º C), fatigue, non-productive cough, dyspnea and diarrhea. In this case, laboratory tests of patients with confirmed diagnosis show normal or reduced white blood cell count, as well as reduced lymphocyte count, especially in severe cases, thrombocytopenia, high transaminase, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin elevated [7,2,8].…”

“…Zinc is an essential microelement for nutrition and plays a role in the physiology of the immune system through activity as a signaling molecule [29,3]. In addition, this element has specific anti-inflammatory functions in the human body, however, it has antioxidant stabilizing activities on the cell membrane [29,2,8]. On the other hand, the deficit of zinc in the human body alters the survival of cells of the immune system by adversely affecting its specific cellular actions, such as phagocytosis, the production of cytokines and the death of target cells (Table 3) [2].…”

“…In April 2020, Brazil began to mobilize to combat COVID-19 in order to establish risk factors and prognostic markers, such as the deficit of Vitamin D, zinc and iron [1,2]. COVID-19 reached Brazilian states such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Fortaleza and Amazonas, and in adult infected patients the result was the development of severe pneumonia through Beta Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) [1,3].…”

“…COVID-19 reached Brazilian states such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Fortaleza and Amazonas, and in adult infected patients the result was the development of severe pneumonia through Beta Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) [1,3]. However, cases of death in Brazil have characteristics related to viral pathogenicity without worsening the patient according to a deficit of macro and micro elements [2,3,4].…”

“…Most patients are over 50 years old and have pre-existing diseases mainly in the heart and respiratory system; some patients are smokers, which cause complications [7,3]. On the other hand, there are patients who have severe kidney diseases that hinder clinical improvement during the treatment period [1,2]. In addition, hypertension or chronic and neurodegenerative diseases brings aggravations such as death during the treatment period [6].…”