Does Vitamin Supplementation Play a Role in Chronic Kidney Disease?

Juszczak, Aleksandra Beata; Kupczak, Maciej; Konecki, Tomasz

doi:10.3390/nu15132847

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…For example, high intakes of SFA and TFA are associated with pro-inflammatory markers and muscle mass 52 , 53 . Conversely, nutrients such as beta-carotene and vitamin C possess anti-inflammatory and muscle-building properties 54 – 56 . Although these nutrients were consumed around the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), research has indicated that patients experienced better outcomes when supplemented with nutrients 56 , 57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary inflammatory index could increase the risk of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease

Mansouri,

Jafari,

Ranjbar

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Using a system that incorporates a variety of food items rather than focusing on individual components can aid in assessing the inflammatory effects of a diet on disease outcomes such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we decided to investigate the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the risk of protein–energy wasting (PEW) and sarcopenia in patients with CKD. In this cross-sectional study, 109 patients with CKD were selected from two clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The intake of individuals’ diets was recorded using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Additionally, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) guidelines were utilized to evaluate muscles’ strength, mass, and function. Also, four International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) criteria (body mass index, intake of protein, albumin, and urine creatinine) were used to diagnose PEW. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between DII and sarcopenia as well as PEW. The results showed that the intake of saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, niacin, beta-carotene, and vitamin C was significantly different between lower and higher DII groups. In the univariate model, higher odds of sarcopenia was observed by each unit increase in DII (odds ratio (OR) = 1.379, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.042–1.824) and age (OR = 1.073, 95% CI: 1.017–1.132). Additionally, in the multivariate model, the association between DII and age with odds of sarcopenia remained significant (DII: OR = 1.379, 95% CI: 1.030–1.846 and age: OR = 1.063, 95% CI: 1.007–1.121). The current study suggests the possible role of pro-inflammatory foods in worsening muscle health, specifically sarcopenia, in CKD patients. Future longitudinal studies may reveal the causative nature of these correlations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary inflammatory index could increase the risk of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease

Mansouri,

Jafari,

Ranjbar

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Another area of VitD and VitK cooperation is inflammation, since both vitamins are known to decrease the production of certain proinflammatory cytokines [ 57 ]. Thus, VitK increases vitamin D’s beneficial effect on bone mineralization [ 57 ], as was shown in some clinical trials, as reviewed elsewhere [ 60 , 63 ]. Interestingly, it was even suggested that for osteoporosis treatment, not only VitD plus Ca but also additional supplementation with VK2 plus the amino acid taurine might be recommended [ 59 ].…”

Section: Vitamin Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PIVKA levels usually increase in the case of VitK deficiency [ 64 ]. Undercarboxylated coagulation factor II, referred to as “Protein Induced by Vitamin K Antagonism or Absence II” (PIVKA-II), is a less commonly used but potentially very accurate marker, reflecting the hepatic VitK status [ 54 , 63 ]. The inactive form of the calcification inhibitor MGP, i.e., dephosphorylated undercarboxylated MGP, and undercarboxylated OC can be used as biomarkers of an extra-hepatic VitK status [ 54 ].…”

Section: Vitamin Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…might also play an important role. VitK deficiency is very common in CKD, worsens as CKD progresses, and is associated with a low dietary intake of VitK in hemodialysis patients [ 53 , 63 ]. Anticoagulants, proton pump inhibitors, phosphate binders, and calcimimetics may reduce VitK and interfere with its actions [ 53 ], as well as antibiotics that inhibit the intestinal flora and thus reduce the bacterial production of VitK [ 53 , 54 , 63 ].…”

Section: Vitamin Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zinc, Magnesium and Vitamin K Supplementation in Vitamin D Deficiency: Pathophysiological Background and Implications for Clinical Practice

Bleizgys

2024

Nutrients

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Zinc, magnesium, and vitamin K are important nutrients for humans. There are various factors that contribute to the development of their deficiency, which might result in or exacerbate various diseases. These nutrients can also interact with vitamin D metabolism and activity. This review discusses the main aspects of zinc, magnesium and vitamin K metabolism and action in the body, their clinical significance, and the “crosstalk” with vitamin D, as well as providing general suggestions for clinical practice when supplementation with these nutrients might be useful, in addition to vitamin D supplementation.

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“…In contrast, vitamin D sufficiency reduces not only acute infections like SARS-CoV-2 but also the risks of chronic infections, such as tuberculosis. Sufficient generation of calcitriol within the immune cells regulates innate and adaptive immunity, potentiating the innate response (monocytes/macrophages with anti-microbial activity) [10][11][12][13]71]. Calcitriol also modulates B lymphocytes and plasma cells for immunoglobulin production and stabilizes B-cells [61,72], increasing anti-microbial peptide synthesis (Sections 3.5 and 3.6).…”

Section: Vitamin D Activates Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections and Autoimmunity—The Immune System and Vitamin D: A Systematic Review

Wimalawansa

2023

Nutrients

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Both 25-autoimmunity and(25(OH)D: calcifediol) and its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D: calcitriol), play critical roles in protecting humans from invasive pathogens, reducing risks of autoimmunity, and maintaining health. Conversely, low 25(OH)D status increases susceptibility to infections and developing autoimmunity. This systematic review examines vitamin D’s mechanisms and effects on enhancing innate and acquired immunity against microbes and preventing autoimmunity. The study evaluated the quality of evidence regarding biology, physiology, and aspects of human health on vitamin D related to infections and autoimmunity in peer-reviewed journal articles published in English. The search and analyses followed PRISMA guidelines. Data strongly suggested that maintaining serum 25(OH)D concentrations of more than 50 ng/mL is associated with significant risk reduction from viral and bacterial infections, sepsis, and autoimmunity. Most adequately powered, well-designed, randomized controlled trials with sufficient duration supported substantial benefits of vitamin D. Virtually all studies that failed to conclude benefits or were ambiguous had major study design errors. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency costs less than 0.01% of the cost of investigation of worsening comorbidities associated with hypovitaminosis D. Despite cost-benefits, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency remains high worldwide. This was clear among those who died from COVID-19 in 2020/21—most had severe vitamin D deficiency. Yet, the lack of direction from health agencies and insurance companies on using vitamin D as an adjunct therapy is astonishing. Data confirmed that keeping an individual’s serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) (and above 40 ng/mL in the population) reduces risks from community outbreaks, sepsis, and autoimmune disorders. Maintaining such concentrations in 97.5% of people is achievable through daily safe sun exposure (except in countries far from the equator during winter) or taking between 5000 and 8000 IU vitamin D supplements daily (average dose, for non-obese adults, ~70 to 90 IU/kg body weight). Those with gastrointestinal malabsorption, obesity, or on medications that increase the catabolism of vitamin D and a few other specific disorders require much higher intake. This systematic review evaluates non-classical actions of vitamin D, with particular emphasis on infection and autoimmunity related to the immune system.

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Does Vitamin Supplementation Play a Role in Chronic Kidney Disease?

Cited by 13 publications

References 98 publications

Dietary inflammatory index could increase the risk of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease

Dietary inflammatory index could increase the risk of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease

Zinc, Magnesium and Vitamin K Supplementation in Vitamin D Deficiency: Pathophysiological Background and Implications for Clinical Practice

Infections and Autoimmunity—The Immune System and Vitamin D: A Systematic Review

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