Does Weight Status Impact Metabolic Health in Adolescents When Controlling for Physical Fitness?

Abstract

Purpose:To determines whether adolescents who are fit with overweight/obesity are similar in their metabolic profile to adolescents who are fit and normal weight. Methods:Adolescents participated in 3 sessions: (1) resting vitals and anthropometrics; (2) maximal aerobic treadmill test (V̇O 2max ) to determine physical fitness; and (3) dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and fasting laboratory draw for analysis of insulin, glucose, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein. Results:Of the 30 fit adolescents who are normal weight and 16 adolescents who are fit and overweight/obese (OW/OB), metabolic syndrome was apparent in 1 adolescent who are normal weight and 4 adolescents who are OW/OB. Metabolic syndrome severity was positively associated with body mass index, waist circumference, total body fat, insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein but inversely associated with peak relative, but not lean V̇O 2max . Conclusions:Despite good physical fitness, adolescents who are OW/OB demonstrated greater metabolic syndrome than adolescents who are normal weight. Future intervention research is necessary to explore the relation between physical fitness and metabolic syndrome.Additional body composition measurements were completed using total body DXA scans via the Lunar GE Prodigy (GE, Madison, Wisconsin) bone densitometer. Scans were analyzed using Lunar GE Prodigy pediatric software to quantify total body fat (%), total lean mass, and trunk fat mass. Total body fat z scores for age and sex were determined via pediatric body composition reference charts. Tanner Staging Each adolescent completed a Tanner Staging questionnaire to self-report pubertal stage (Stage I [prepubertal], Stages II-IV [peripubertal], and Stage V [full maturity]). Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; NS, nonsignificant.

Long-term trajectories of BMI and cumulative incident metabolic syndrome: A cohort study

“…et al. discovered that adolescents with higher BMI demonstrated a greater incidence of MetS than those with normal BMI ( 22 ). Teenage adiposity is a good predictor of MetS in adults, especially in those with rapid growth of adipose tissue ( 23 , 24 ).…”

Análisis de la evolución de las manifestaciones de la fuerza muscular a lo largo del periodo de crecimiento en una población infantil y adolescente de la ciudad de Hermosillo (México) = Evolution of muscular strength performance through the period of growth in children and adolescent from city of Hermosillo (Mexico)

“…Entre todas las capacidades físicas, la fuerza muscular, sus distintas manifestaciones y el acondicionamiento físico de las mismas están adquiriendo una gran relevancia en el ámbito de la salud, incluido el contexto de las edades tempranas (Bergeron et al, 2015;ACSM, 2017;Zwolski, Quatman-Yates and Paterno, 2017). Entre otras razones, la importancia de esta capacidad física se justifica en la mejora de la salud a lo largo del tiempo, las alteraciones positivas sobre la composición corporal y sobre la densidad mineral ósea (Strope et al, 2015;Gómez-Bruton et al, 2017;Stolzman et al, 2019), la mejora de la coordinación motora (Faigenbaum and McFarland, 2016), la menor tasa de lesiones relacionadas con la práctica deportiva (Zwolski, Quatman-Yates and Paterno, 2017) y el aumento significativo en variables asociadas relacionadas con la funcionalidad, como la potencia muscular (Lloyd et al, 2014;Behringer et al, 2016;Young et al, 2017).…”

“…Por otra parte, la inactividad física y el sedentarismo durante la infancia y la adolescencia están provocando una cronificación de los casos de obesidad desde etapas infantiles hasta la etapa adulta, además de múltiples enfermedades crónicas de origen cardiovascular y metabólico en la edad infantil (OMS, 2017;Afshin et al, 2017;Lang, Larouche and Tremblay, 2019;Stolzman et al, 2019). En la literatura científica se ha descrito que la práctica regular de ejercicio físico adecuadamente prescrito es una de las estrategias más poderosas para evitar las consecuencias que produce el sedentarismo en diferentes ámbitos de la persona, esto es, tanto a nivel físico (Behm et al, 2008;Rosa-Guillamón and García-Cantó, 2017;Lang, Larouche and Tremblay, 2019), como psicológico (Yu et al, 2008;Schranz et al, 2014) y social (Redondo-Tébar et al, 2019).…”