“…Recently, researchers found evidence of the presence of fis cal competition in Benin (Rota-Graziosi andFoucault, 2010), Brazil (De Mello, 2008), China (Zhang and Chen, 2007;Yao and Zhang, 2008;Agostini, Brown and Zhang, 2010), Indonesia (Arze del Granado, Martínez-Vázquez and Simatupang, 2008), and the Philippines (Capuno et al, 2012). However, these studies face a number of limitations, including data constraints (i.e.…”