Does Zinc Supplementation Enhance the Clinical Efficacy of Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine to Win Todays Battle Against COVID-19?

Scholz, Martin; Derwand, Roland

doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0124.v1

“…Presently, multi-centric global clinical trials are underway to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for novel coronavirus infection. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA, has, however, approved both Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 control and treatment for emergency purposes (Scholz & Derwand, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and its derivatives for their binding affinity to multiple SARS-CoV-2 protein drug targets

Nimgampalle

¹

,

Devanathan

²

,

Saxena

³

2020

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics

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Recently Chloroquine and its derivative Hydroxychloroquine have garnered enormous interest amongst the clinicians and health authorities' world over as a potential treatment to contain COVID-19 pandemic. The present research aims at investigating the therapeutic potential of Chloroquine and its potent derivative Hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. At the same time screening was performed for some chemically synthesized derivatives of Chloroquine and compared their binding efficacy with chemically synthesized Chloroquine derivatives through in silico approaches. For the purpose of the study, some essential viral proteins and enzymes were selected that are implicated in SARS-CoV-2 replication and multiplication as putative drug targets. Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, and some of their chemically synthesized derivatives, taken from earlier published studies were selected as drug molecules. We have conducted molecular docking and related studies between Chloroquine and its derivatives and SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins, and the findings show that both Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine can bind to specific structural and non-structural proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection with different efficiencies. Our current study also shows that some of the chemically synthesized Chloroquine derivatives can also potentially inhibit various SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins by binding to them and concomitantly effectively disrupting the active site of these proteins. These findings bring into light another possible mechanism of action of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine and also pave the way for further drug repurposing and remodeling.

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“…HCQ is believed to shown its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus at least by two ways, first by interfering with the glycosylation of ACE2 receptor, thus reducing the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to bind on the ACE2 receptors existing on the surface of the host cells, second increasing the endosomal pH which blocks further stages of viral replication 1-3 . In addition, since HCQ might be a zinc ionophore and zinc might have some antiviral effects it might also be hypothesized that addition of zinc to HCQ therapy might be more effective than HCQ alone [13][14][15] . However, data about HCQ plus zinc therapy for Covid-19 disease is very limited for now.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action and Pharmacokinetics Of Hcqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxychloroquine; Why It Might Be Successful and Why It Might Not Be Successful in the Treatment of Covid-19 Pneumonia? Could It Be A Prophylactic Drug?

Deniz¹

2020

Preprint

0

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According to current literature and preliminary data, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) seems potentially effective in treating patients with Covid-19 pneumonia. The concentrations of the HCQ in lungs might be well above that of plasma. Most likely, this property of HCQ provides effective drug concentrations in lungs. HCQ has a gradual onset of action in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. This could be valid for the treatment of Covid-19 pneumonia. Reduced perfusion, somewhat distorted architecture of lung tissue, edema and, gradual accumulation of HCQ in lung tissue might reduce HCQ concentrations in pneumonic areas of the lungs in Covid-19 pneumonia. Patients having extensive lung involvement might have less HCQ concentrations in their lungs than patients having limited lung involvement. Furthermore, patients having extensive lung involvement might have more viral load than patients having limited lung involvement. That's why HCQ might be more effective in the treatment of mild and moderate Covid-19 pneumonia cases and might not be effective in advanced cases.

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“…HCQ is believed to shown its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus at least by two ways, first by interfering with the glycosylation of ACE2 receptor, thus reducing the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to bind on the ACE2 receptors existing on the surface of the host cells, second increasing the endosomal pH which blocks further stages of viral replication [1][2][3] . In addition, since HCQ might be a zinc ionophore and zinc might have some antiviral effects 13,14 it might also be hypothesized that addition of zinc to HCQ therapy might be more effective than HCQ alone 15 . However, data about HCQ plus zinc therapy for Covid-19 disease is very limited for now.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action and Pharmacokinetics Of Hcqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxychloroquine; Why It Might Be Successful and Why It Might Not Be Successful in the Treatment of Covid-19 Pneumonia? Could It Be A Prophylactic Drug?

Deniz¹

2020

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

According to current literature and preliminary data, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) seems potentially effective in treating patients with Covid-19 pneumonia. The concentrations of the HCQ in the lungs might be well above that of plasma. Most likely, this property of HCQ provides effective drug concentrations. HCQ has a gradual onset of action in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. This could be valid for the treatment of Covid-19 pneumonia. Reduced perfusion, somewhat distorted architecture of lung tissue and edema might reduce HCQ accumulation in pneumonic areas of the lungs in Covid-19 pneumonia. Patients having extensive lung involvement might have less HCQ concentrations in their lungs than that of patients having limited lung involvement. Furthermore, patients having extensive lung involvement might have more viral load than that of limited lung involvement. That’s why HCQ might be more effective in the treatment of mild and moderate Covid-19 pneumonia cases and might not be effective in advanced cases. Using HCQ in Covid-19 prophylaxis seems logical since providing enough accumulation of HCQ in the healthy lungs before the arrival of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, might prevent Covid-19 pneumonia. The purpose of this paper is not to recommend using or not using HCQ for the treatment or for the prophylaxis of Covid-19 pneumonia. The purpose of this paper is only to try to bring a new perspective on the role of HCQ in the treatment or in the prophylaxis of Covid-19 pneumonia. This paper proposes only hypotheses, which need further researches to be confirmed.

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Does Zinc Supplementation Enhance the Clinical Efficacy of Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine to Win Todays Battle Against COVID-19?

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Screening of Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and its derivatives for their binding affinity to multiple SARS-CoV-2 protein drug targets

Screening of Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and its derivatives for their binding affinity to multiple SARS-CoV-2 protein drug targets

Hydroxychloroquine; Why It Might Be Successful and Why It Might Not Be Successful in the Treatment of Covid-19 Pneumonia? Could It Be A Prophylactic Drug?

Hydroxychloroquine; Why It Might Be Successful and Why It Might Not Be Successful in the Treatment of Covid-19 Pneumonia? Could It Be A Prophylactic Drug?

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