Dog Nose to E-Nose in Disease Diagnosis

Abstract

Dog has natural gift of better smelling power which can be exploited for several purposes and disease diagnosis is one amongst them. The work on the use of dog nose in disease diagnosis is in preliminary stage. The electronic noses/e-noses are sensor based physical devices which are used to detect and analyse the various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) specific for health disorders including cancer to metabolic and infectious diseases. The sensor based disease diagnosis is also in preliminary stage. The data generated through studies conducted on disease diagnosis using one of the best noses of the universe may improve the sensitivity and specificity of existing e-noses to add par and this refined artificial intelligence, web data bases and sophisticated hardware and software may play in future a major role in field of diagnosis, monitoring and surveillance of human and animal diseases.

Applications of Nanomaterials in Cancer Diagnosis

“…NC fluorescence is used to detect deletion mutations in BRCA1, and the fluorescent probe of DNA silver NC enhances AgNC fluorescence which distinguished the BRCA1 deletions. The emission peaks of fluorescence intensity of DNA-AgNCs reached 440nm while LOD reached 6.4 × ‫¹¹-01‬ M. Higher fluorescence was achieved for the deletion types while low fluorescence was obtained for the normal type in the sensing system [59].…”

Canine Detection of the Volatile Organic Compounds Related to Cervical Cancer Cells

“…Dogs can smell a trace of volatile odorous molecules or biomarkers (parts per trillions) emitted in different biofluids [6]. They have an extraordinary ability to recognizing odorous biochemical signature expressed only in ailing individuals but not in healthy individuals, in much earlier and better ways and with an accuracy comparable or superior to readily available sophisticated diagnostic instruments of the present time [6,7]. The extraordinary canine sense of smell could avoid the unnecessary painful procedures on patients and minimize the time and expenditure on the diagnosis made through the biopsy and other tests having compromised sensitivity, specificity and predictive values resulting into inadequate accuracy.…”

“…The extraordinary canine sense of smell could avoid the unnecessary painful procedures on patients and minimize the time and expenditure on the diagnosis made through the biopsy and other tests having compromised sensitivity, specificity and predictive values resulting into inadequate accuracy. In CC, it could be an effective promissory weapon in fighting this disease and saving women's lives [7].…”