Dog rabies and its control

Knobel, Darryn L.; Hampson, Katie; Lembo, Tiziana; Cleaveland, Sarah; Davis, Alicia

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818705-0.00018-2

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Tese results are consistently similar to those of the previous studies [36][37][38][39][40][41] (Table 3). However, it should be noticed that in a study by Rahpeyma et al [15], the data included all provinces, while this study focused on the four northern provinces.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of Rabies Cases Received by the Shomal Pasteur Institute in Northern Iran: A 2-Year Study

et al. 2023

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The rabies virus, which belongs to the genus Lyssavirus, the family Rhabdoviridae, is the causative agent of rabies, a contagious, deadly, and progressive neurological infection. This illness is commonly distributed worldwide and affects all warm-blooded animals. Regarding the zoonotic aspects of rabies, the prevalence of rabies was investigated in this study. Over 2 years, 188 samples were examined via the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT) techniques by using brain tissue samples. Our findings showed that 73.94% of samples were rabies positive. The highest number of samples belonged to cows and dogs, respectively. The positivity rate in cows was 71.88%, followed by dogs with a 57.78% infection rate. These findings suggested that despite the heavy monitoring protocols in Iran, rabies is still a prevalent disease, and it is advised that vaccinations and screening programs should be carried out more frequently with heavier observation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of Rabies Cases Received by the Shomal Pasteur Institute in Northern Iran: A 2-Year Study

et al. 2023

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“…Dog ecology studies should ideally be conducted in the early stages of project planning, as both dog and human populations can be very dynamic and may change over time [38]. In any case, there is a need for revision to establish reliable local dog population estimates for the NCAs for future campaigns while using established methodology [11,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting Dog-Mediated Rabies in Namibia—Implementation of a Rabies Elimination Program in the Northern Communal Areas

Athingo¹,

Tenzin

Shilongo³

et al. 2020

TropicalMed

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The major part of the global burden of dog-mediated rabies falls on Africa and Asia, where still an estimated 60,000 people die of the disease annually. Like in many African countries, dog-mediated rabies is a major public health concern in Namibia, costing the country an estimated 242 human deaths during the past two decades, in particular in the Northern Communal Areas (NCAs). Consequently, under the “One Health” concept, the Namibian government adopted a National Rabies Control Strategy in 2015, which strives to contribute to the global goal of ending dog-mediated human rabies deaths by 2030. A key component of this strategy was the implementation a dog rabies elimination program in the NCAs in 2016, being designed as a stepwise regional rollout strategy by building on experience gained in a pilot project area. The area of implementation covers approximately 263,376 km2 and 64 constituencies, with around 1.2 million inhabitants and estimated 93,000 dogs.

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“…This coverage, which is higher than the abovementioned critical threshold (i.e., 20-45%), is required to prevent the decline of herd immunity below the critical threshold during the intervals between vaccination campaigns [6,8,9]. Particularly in highly dense, large, and connected dog populations, spatial heterogeneity in vaccination coverage allows rabies transmission to be sustained [10][11][12]. Although there is no evidence that rabies virus transmission depends on the dog population density [6,13], epidemics likely continue for longer durations, with more cases in larger and higher-density populations [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly in highly dense, large, and connected dog populations, spatial heterogeneity in vaccination coverage allows rabies transmission to be sustained [10][11][12]. Although there is no evidence that rabies virus transmission depends on the dog population density [6,13], epidemics likely continue for longer durations, with more cases in larger and higher-density populations [10]. Therefore, rabies control programs need to include comprehensive canine vaccination across dog populations, particularly in urban settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization Coverage and Antibody Retention against Rabies in Domestic Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia

et al. 2021

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Rabies remains endemic in Zambia. Despite conducting canine vaccinations in Lusaka district, the vaccination coverage and actual seropositivity in the dog population in Lusaka district are rarely evaluated. This study estimated the seropositivity-based immunization coverage in the owned dog population in Lusaka district using the expanded program on immunization cluster survey method. The time-series trend of neutralizing antibodies against rabies in vaccinated dogs was also evaluated. Of 366 dogs in 200 dog-owning households in Lusaka district, blood samples were collected successfully from 251 dogs. In the sampled dogs, 42.2% (106/251) had an antibody titer ≥0.5 IU/mL. When the 115 dogs whose blood was not collected were assumed to be seronegative, the minimum immunization coverage in Lusaka district’s owned dog population was estimated at 29.0% (95% confidence interval: 22.4–35.5). It was also found that a single vaccination with certified vaccines is capable of inducing protective levels of antibodies. In contrast, higher antibody titers were observed in multiple-vaccinated dogs than in single-vaccinated dogs, coupled with the observation of a decline in antibody titer over time. These results suggest the importance of continuous booster immunization to maintain herd immunity and provide useful information to plan mass vaccination against rabies in Zambia.

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Dog rabies and its control

Cited by 4 publications

References 166 publications

Comparison of Rabies Cases Received by the Shomal Pasteur Institute in Northern Iran: A 2-Year Study

Comparison of Rabies Cases Received by the Shomal Pasteur Institute in Northern Iran: A 2-Year Study

Fighting Dog-Mediated Rabies in Namibia—Implementation of a Rabies Elimination Program in the Northern Communal Areas

Immunization Coverage and Antibody Retention against Rabies in Domestic Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia

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