Dogs Discriminate Identical Twins

Pinc, Ludvík; Bartoš, Luděk; Reslová, Alice; Kotrba, Radim

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020704

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Scent identification. The procedure was described in details in the previous study (Pinc et al 2011). In brief, glass jars with scent samples were opened and then the experimenter placed them into a line-up (video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vd1M7oyImNA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of human odours to extremely high temperature as revealed by trained dogs

Santariová¹,

Pinc²,

Bartoš³

et al. 2016

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Human scent is a complex combination of many chemical substances. Skin is supposed to be one of sources of scent traces. The values of the boiling points of human scent compounds were supposed to be lower than 300°C. The purpose of the study was to determine the temperature at which the human scent is degraded so that a dog would not be able to identify it. In contrast to expectations, eight dogs used in the experiment almost flawlessly identified human scents from five scent donors exposed to temperatures of 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C. Only two of the dogs were able to identify 5 of 15 scent samples exposed to 900°C. No dog identified a scent exposed to 1000°C. Our study verified heat survivability of human scent far beyond existing expectations. There may be an extremely heat resistant, previously undetected, compound of human scent, unsusceptible to heat which exceeds standard temperatures used for sterilization. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for cardinal change of our view of factors affecting the vulnerability of human scent, resulting in the need to alter the approach of forensic methodology dealing with identification of human scent.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of human odours to extremely high temperature as revealed by trained dogs

Santariová¹,

Pinc²,

Bartoš³

et al. 2016

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…; Pinc et al . ; Lippi and Cervellin ). Whether the olfactory sensation of dogs is acute or not is often evaluated through the use of many kinds of behavior tests, which have raised questions about the objectivity the tests in the absence of a ‘gold standard’ (Doty and Kamath ).…”

Section: Genetic Polymorphism Analysis Of Snpsmentioning

confidence: 98%

SNP genotypes of olfactory receptor genes associated with olfactory ability in German Shepherd dogs

Yang

Geng²,

Zhang

et al. 2015

Animal Genetics

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To find out the relationship between SNP genotypes of canine olfactory receptor genes and olfactory ability, 28 males and 20 females from German Shepherd dogs in police service were scored by odor detection tests and analyzed using the Beckman GenomeLab SNPstream. The representative 22 SNP loci from the exonic regions of 12 olfactory receptor genes were investigated, and three kinds of odor (human, ice drug and trinitrotoluene) were detected. The results showed that the SNP genotypes at the OR10H1-like:c.632C>T, OR10H1-like:c.770A>T, OR2K2-like:c.518G>A, OR4C11-like:c.511T>G and OR4C11-like:c.692G>A loci had a statistically significant effect on the scenting abilities (P < 0.001). The kind of odor influenced the performances of the dogs (P < 0.001). In addition, there were interactions between genotype and the kind of odor at the following loci: OR10H1-like:c.632C>T, OR10H1-like:c.770A>T, OR4C11-like:c.511T>G and OR4C11-like:c.692G>A (P < 0.001). The dogs with genotype CC at the OR10H1-like:c.632C>T, genotype AA at the OR10H1-like:c.770A>T, genotype TT at the OR4C11-like:c.511T>G and genotype GG at the OR4C11-like:c.692G>A loci did better at detecting the ice drug. We concluded that there was linkage between certain SNP genotypes and the olfactory ability of dogs and that SNP genotypes might be useful in determining dogs' scenting potential.

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“…2). The sense and details of the attractivity test as well as the standard human scent identification line-up procedure are described in many studies (e.g., (Pinc et al 2011;Santariová et al 2016;Schoon and Haak 2002;Vyplelová et al 2014).…”

Section: Human Scent Identification By Specially Trained Caninesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplicity of human scent signature

Doležal

Furton

Lněničková

et al. 2019

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Background: In this paper, the term "human scent signature" refers to a group of chemical compounds in a human scent trace that are in certain relative concentrations that make an unambiguous identification of persons possible. At the present time, the scent identification of persons is performed using specially trained canines. However, the scent identification mechanism as well as the molecular composition of the human scent signature is entirely unrecognized. Delimitations of the group of chemical compounds according to their volatilities that specially trained canines use for the scent identification of persons were initially the main aim of this study. Methods: Eleven volunteer scent samples were split into three groups of chemical compounds, i.e., into three disjointed scent fractions with different volatilities of the compounds via preparative gas chromatography. The human scent signatures were searched in these separated scent fractions using six specially trained canines (female German Shepherds). Results: The canines were able to identify individual persons successfully using different scent fractions. From this fact, it follows that one scent trace can contain more than only one group of scent compounds that can be used for scent identification by the trained canines. This observed phenomenon was named as "the multiplicity of the human scent signature" in this study. The scent identification line-up procedure provided the following results: The poorly volatile fraction resulted in an 85% success rate in the scent identification procedure. The middle fraction resulted in a 58% success rate, and the highly volatile fraction resulted in a 30% success rate. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that the human scent sample contains more than one group of scent compounds; according to which the trained canines are able to identify human individuals. It means that the human scent sample contains more than only one scent signature. The authors of this research believe that results of this study will open a broad discussion about the multiplicity of the human scent signature, primary scent molecules, optimal canine training, and in general, the scent identification method in many countries.

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Dogs Discriminate Identical Twins

Cited by 35 publications

References 11 publications

Resistance of human odours to extremely high temperature as revealed by trained dogs

Resistance of human odours to extremely high temperature as revealed by trained dogs

SNP genotypes of olfactory receptor genes associated with olfactory ability in German Shepherd dogs

Multiplicity of human scent signature

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