Doing the right thing? (Re) Considering risk assessment and safety planning in child protection work with domestic violence cases

Jenney, Angelique; Mishna, Faye; Alaggia, Ramona; Scott, Katreena

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.07.015

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Ten studies were based in high-income countries: the UK, 35 39 40 the USA, 41–43 Australia, 44 45 Ireland 32 and Canada. 46 One study was based in a middle-income country, Brazil. 47…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and initial response to children’s exposure to intimate partner violence: a qualitative synthesis of the perspectives of children, mothers and professionals

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesTo synthesise evidence on the acceptable identification and initial response to children’s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) from the perspectives of providers and recipients of healthcare and social services.DesignWe conducted a thematic synthesis of qualitative research, appraised the included studies with the modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and undertook a sensitivity analysis of the studies scored above 15.Data sourcesWe searched eight electronic databases, checked references and citations and contacted authors of the included studies.Eligibility criteriaWe included qualitative studies with children, parents and providers of healthcare or social services about their experiences of identification or initial responses to children’s exposure to IPV. Papers that have not been peer-reviewed were excluded as well as non-English papers.ResultsSearches identified 2039 records; 11 studies met inclusion criteria. Integrated perspectives of 42 children, 212 mothers and 251 professionals showed that sufficient training and support for professionals, good patient-professional relationship and supportive environment for patient/clients need to be in place before enquiry/disclosure of children’s exposure to IPV should occur. Providers and recipients of care favour a phased enquiry about IPV initiated by healthcare professionals, which focuses on ‘safety at home’ and is integrated into the context of the consultation or visit. Participants agreed that an acceptable initial response prioritises child safety and includes emotional support, education about IPV and signposting to IPV services. Participants had conflicting perspectives on what constitutes acceptable engagement with children and management of safety. Sensitivity analysis produced similar results.ConclusionsHealthcare and social service professionals should receive sufficient training and ongoing individual and system-level support to provide acceptable identification of and initial response to children’s exposure to IPV. Ideal identification and responses should use a phased approach to enquiry and the WHO Listen, Inquire about needs and concerns, Validate, Enhance safety and Support principles integrated into a trauma-informed and violence-informed model of care.

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“…Ten studies were based in high-income countries: the UK, 35 39 40 the USA, 41–43 Australia, 44 45 Ireland 32 and Canada. 46 One study was based in a middle-income country, Brazil. 47…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HCPs included physicians 37 41 and nurses 37 42 47 from primary and secondary healthcare. SSPs were drawn from children’s social services, 35 child protection services 46 and unspecified settings. 40 41 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and initial response to children’s exposure to intimate partner violence: a qualitative synthesis of the perspectives of children, mothers and professionals

et al. 2018

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“…For IPV exposure, past research showed that resolution of IPV after CPS involvement was significantly associated with the child’s mental and behavior outcomes [ 54 ]. Despite that, a lack of coordination between CPS and IPV response agencies is not uncommon [ 55 , 56 ]. In Japan, because treatment of IPV is beyond the competence of CGC, and workers tend to consider cases of witness IPV as “low risk” or safer than other life-threatening maltreatment incidents, their cases will be closed even without providing sufficient help to children or families.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative risk effect of household dysfunction for child maltreatment after intensive intervention of the child protection system in Japan: a longitudinal analysis

Ohashi

Wada

Yamaoka

et al. 2018

Environ Health Prev Med

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BackgroundBuilding an effective casework system for child maltreatment is a global issue. We estimated the effect of household dysfunction (i.e., interparental violence, caregiver mental health problems, and caregiver substance abuse) on child maltreatment to understand how to advance the current framework of child welfare.MethodsThe sample comprised 759 children (1- to 17-year-old; mean age was 10.6; 404 boys and 355 girls) placed in temporary custody units (one of the strongest intervention of the Japanese child protection system). Caseworkers from 180 units across 43 prefectures completed questionnaires on children and their family and were asked whether a child maltreatment report had been made after cancelation of custody in a 15-month follow-up period. The relations of household dysfunction and maltreatment reports were assessed using the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsAbout half (48.4%) of the children had been placed in the unit because of maltreatment, and 88.3% had a history of victimization. Seventy-six cases had maltreatment reports after cancelation. We entered household dysfunction variables individually into the model, and each had a significant relationship with maltreatment reports (hazard ratios for interparental violence, caregiver mental health problem, and substance abuse were 1.69, 1.69, and 2.19, respectively) after covariate adjustment. When treating these three variables as cumulative risk score model of household dysfunction, the hazard ratio increased with increasing number of score (1.96 for score two; 2.35 for score three; score 0 as reference).ConclusionsGreater household dysfunction score is a risk of maltreatment after intensive intervention. It is imperative to construct systems facilitating cooperation between child and adult service sectors and to deliver seamless services to children and families. Our findings provide child protect services with risk-stratified interventions for children at victimization risk and promote adult-focused services to be proactive in prevention or intervention for adults with perpetration risk.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-018-0703-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…It has been suggested that their use of placating strategies was to excuse the violence and appease the abuser in order to minimize the impact of the abuse (Brabeck & Guzman, 2008;Meyer, Wagner & Dutton, 2010). There are two forms of risk in domestic abuse 'batterer-generated', such as physical and psychological harm, and 'life-generated', such as financial risk, and women staying in an abusive relationship may wish to avoid any life-generated risk when leaving their abusive partner (Jenney et al, 2014).…”

Section: Use Of Coping Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beaten Into Submissiveness? An Investigation Into the Protective Strategies Used by Survivors of Domestic Abuse

Irving

Liu

2016

J Interpers Violence

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The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence and perceived helpfulness of a variety of protective strategies that were used by female survivors of domestic abuse and to explore factors that may have influenced strategy usage. Forty participants were recruited from a voluntary sector domestic abuse service, commissioned by an outer London local authority in the United Kingdom, in early 2014. The measurement tools used were the Intimate Partner Violence Strategies Index (IPVSI) and the Coordinated Action Against Domestic Abuse (CAADA) Domestic Abuse, Stalking and "Honour"-Based Violence (DASH) Risk Assessment Checklist. The average age was 33 years ( SD = 7.9, range = 20-57); half reported to be of Asian ethnicity, 37.5% White, and 12.5% Black or Mixed ethnicity. The average DASH score was 9.8 ( SD = 13.2, range = 0-18), and an average of 18 ( SD = 6.7, range = 1-29) protective strategies were utilized by each participant. All of the most commonly used strategies were from the placating category. Although safety planning strategies were rated as the most helpful by all participants, placating strategies were also rated as helpful by two thirds of participants. Stepwise multiple regression showed that placating was the only significant predictor of DASH score (β = .375, p < .05) and accounted for 14% of the variance of DASH score. Findings showed that women utilized a diverse range of protective strategies with placating strategies being most intensely used and rated as helpful. However, placating strategy usage could be a risk factor as opposed to a protective factor. This study has also demonstrated that greater placating strategies were used by White than South Asian women, and women who were employed used more formal strategies. This research has extended the knowledge base of protective strategies that professionals can draw from to underpin decisions and interventions when working with domestic abuse survivors.

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Doing the right thing? (Re) Considering risk assessment and safety planning in child protection work with domestic violence cases

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

Identification and initial response to children’s exposure to intimate partner violence: a qualitative synthesis of the perspectives of children, mothers and professionals

Identification and initial response to children’s exposure to intimate partner violence: a qualitative synthesis of the perspectives of children, mothers and professionals

Cumulative risk effect of household dysfunction for child maltreatment after intensive intervention of the child protection system in Japan: a longitudinal analysis

Beaten Into Submissiveness? An Investigation Into the Protective Strategies Used by Survivors of Domestic Abuse

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