Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon as neurotoxins producers in some Russian freshwaters

Chernova, Ekaterina; Сиделев, С. И.; Russkikh, Ya. V.; Voyakina, Ekaterina; Babanazarova, O. V.; Romanov, Roman E.; Kotovshchikov, A. V.; Mazur‐Marzec, Hanna

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.02.016

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Children who swam in the latter showed symptoms of poisoning, although these were different from those which would be caused by saxitoxin [ 24 ]. Saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria and saxitoxin have been found in many fresh-water lakes, reservoirs and rivers [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Contamination of Water with Saxitoxin Near the Dam of the Irkutsk Hydropower Station Reservoir (East Siberia, Russia)

Грачев

Zubkov

Тихонова

et al. 2018

Toxins

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An area of discolored water 50 m wide and 30 m long was found in September 2017 close to the dam of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station. Water from this spot was sampled for investigation in the present study. Microscopic analysis revealed that the suspended matter in the sample was composed of clumps of filaments, vegetative cells, akinetes and heterocysts that formed short filaments and solitary cells. This matter was found to consist of partially degraded cells of the cyanobacterium Dolichospermum lemmermannii. Nucleotide sequencing of DNA isolated from the biomass revealed the presence of the sxtA gene which is involved in the synthesis of saxitoxin. Water from the polluted area contained 600 ± 100 μg L−1 saxitoxin as measured by HPLC-MS with pre-column modification of the toxin with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Immunoassay analysis (ELISA) showed a concentration of saxitoxins in the water of 2900 ± 900 μg L−1. Hydrochemical and microbiological analyses suggested the contaminated area appeared as a result of a D. lemmermannii bloom, followed by its decay and release of saxitoxin and nutrients. The present paper describes the results of a case study. Better understanding of the phenomenon will depend on the possibility to perform implementation of a large-scale monitoring program.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Contamination of Water with Saxitoxin Near the Dam of the Irkutsk Hydropower Station Reservoir (East Siberia, Russia)

Грачев

Zubkov

Тихонова

et al. 2018

Toxins

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“…as a known toxin producer specifically for cyanotoxins: CYN (11–41%, up to 58–63% under certain conditions), ANTX (7–47%), and STXs (7–35%) [ 15 ]. In 2017, researchers Chernova et al found evidence through PCR and LC-MS/MS of ANTX in Sestroretskij Razliv Lake, Russia, produced specifically by AFA [ 62 ]. Environmental conditions as well as bloom composition should be monitored closely due to the potential for changes in toxicity under increases in sunlight and temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Literature Review for Evidence of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Toxigenicity in Recreational Waters and Toxicity of Dietary Supplements: 2000–2017

Lyon-Colbert

Cude

2018

Toxins

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Previous studies of recreational waters and blue-green algae supplements (BGAS) demonstrated co-occurrence of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) and cyanotoxins, presenting exposure risk. The authors conducted a systematic literature review using a GRADE PRISMA-p 27-item checklist to assess the evidence for toxigenicity of AFA in both fresh waters and BGAS. Studies have shown AFA can produce significant levels of cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin in fresh waters. Toxicity studies evaluating AFA-based BGAS found some products carried the mcyE gene and tested positive for microcystins at levels ≤ 1 μg microcystin (MC)-LR equivalents/g dry weight. Further analysis discovered BGAS samples had cyanotoxins levels exceeding tolerable daily intake values. There is evidence that Aphanizomenon spp. are toxin producers and AFA has toxigenic genes such as mcyE that could lead to the production of MC under the right environmental conditions. Regardless of this ability, AFA commonly co-occur with known MC producers, which may contaminate BGAS. Toxin production by cyanobacteria is a health concern for both recreational water users and BGAS consumers. Recommendations include: limit harvesting of AFA to months when toxicity is lowest, include AFA in cell counts during visible blooms, and properly identify cyanobacteria species using 16S rRNA methods when toxicity levels are higher than advisory levels.

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“…Even though marine blooms of dinoflagellates are the primary producers of STXs, but cyanobacteria genera such as Cylindrospermopsis , Aphanizomenon , Anabaena , and Lyngbya are also the dominant STXs producers. Chernova et al (2017) successfully detected ANA‐a and STX in Russian water bodies via an RPLC coupled with hybrid QqQ/linear ion trap (LIT) mass spectrometer operating in positive ESI mode. Moreover, the toxin‐producing cyanobacteria genera ( Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon ) were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.…”

Section: Types Of Bio‐toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advancements in LC‐MS based analysis of biotoxins: Present and future challenges

Panda

Dash

Manickam

et al. 2021

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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There has been a rising concern regarding the harmful impact of biotoxins, source of origin, and the determination of the specific type of toxin. With numerous reports on their extensive spread, biotoxins pose a critical challenge to figure out their parent groups, metabolites, and concentration. In that aspect, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) based analysis paves the way for its accurate identification and quantification. The biotoxins are ideally categorized as phytotoxins, mycotoxins, shellfish‐toxins, ciguatoxins, cyanotoxins, and bacterial toxins such as tetrodotoxins. Considering the diverse nature of biotoxins, both low‐resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods have been implemented for their detection. The sample preparation strategy for complex matrix usually includes “QuEChERS” extraction or solid‐phase extraction coupled with homogenization and centrifugation. For targeted analysis of biotoxins, the LRMS consisting of a tandem mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode has been widely implemented. With the help of the reference standard, most of the toxins were accurately quantified. At the same time, the suspect screening and nontarget screening approach are facilitated by the HRMS platforms during the absence of reference standards. Significant progress has also been made in sampling device employment, utilizing novel sample preparation strategies, synthesizing toxin standards, employing hybrid MS platforms, and the associated data interpretation. This critical review attempts to elucidate the progress in LC‐MS based analysis in the determination of biotoxins while pointing out major challenges and suggestions for future development.

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Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon as neurotoxins producers in some Russian freshwaters

Cited by 20 publications

References 55 publications

Extensive Contamination of Water with Saxitoxin Near the Dam of the Irkutsk Hydropower Station Reservoir (East Siberia, Russia)

Extensive Contamination of Water with Saxitoxin Near the Dam of the Irkutsk Hydropower Station Reservoir (East Siberia, Russia)

A Systematic Literature Review for Evidence of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Toxigenicity in Recreational Waters and Toxicity of Dietary Supplements: 2000–2017

Recent advancements in LC‐MS based analysis of biotoxins: Present and future challenges

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