Dollar Spot on Bentgrass Influenced by Displacement of Leaf Surface Moisture, Nitrogen, and Clipping Removal

Williams, David W.; Powell, Andrew J.; Vincelli, Paul; Dougherty, C. T.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183x003600050039x

Cited by 48 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Based on a meta-analysis of 57 studies, Veresoglou et al [4] found a positive relationship between fertilization and disease severity in non-crop dicots, but a weak, negative relationship emerged for non-crop grasses. Other evidence suggests that adding nitrogen can also decrease disease severity by enhancing host plant resistance [16]. Thus, the direct, net effect of fertilization on foliar fungal disease depends on the balance between these two processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species decline under nitrogen fertilization increases community-level competence of fungal diseases

et al. 2017

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The artificial fertilization of soils can alter the structure of natural plant communities and exacerbate pathogen emergence and transmission. Although the direct effects of fertilization on disease resistance in plants have received some research attention, its indirect effects of altered community structure on the severity of fungal disease infection remain largely uninvestigated. We designed manipulation experiments in natural assemblages of Tibetan alpine meadow vegetation along a nitrogen-fertilization gradient over 5 years to compare the relative importance of direct and indirect effects of fertilization on foliar fungal infections at the community level. We found that species with lower proneness to pathogens were more likely to be extirpated following fertilization, such that community-level competence of disease, and thus community pathogen load, increased with the intensity of fertilization. The amount of nitrogen added (direct effect) and community disease competence (indirect effect) provided the most parsimonious combination of parameters explaining the variation in disease severity. Our experiment provides a mechanistic explanation for the dilution effect in fertilized, natural assemblages in a highly specific pathogen-host system, and thus insights into the consequences of human ecosystem modifications on the dynamics of infectious diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species decline under nitrogen fertilization increases community-level competence of fungal diseases

et al. 2017

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“…Highly maintained turfgrasses, such as creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), the most widely used species for golf courses, and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), the most popular home lawn grass, are susceptible to this disease. To meet the high expectation of aesthetic quality and playability, fungicide input is a requisite for managing dollar spot on manicured turfgrass, even though adequate nitrogen fertility programs and cultural practices designed to reduce leaf wetness may succeed in alleviating some of dollar spot pressure (4,26). Multiple applications of fungicides are usually required throughout the growing season due to the persistent nature of S. homoeocarpa.…”

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Rapid Development of Fungicide Resistance by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa on Turfgrass

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Chang²,

Boehm³

et al. 2008

Phytopathology®

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Dollar spot, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, is the most prevalent and economically important turfgrass disease in North America. Increasing levels of fungicide resistance, coupled with tightening environmental scrutiny of existing fungicides, has left fewer options for managing dollar spot. More knowledge about S. homoeocarpa populations is needed to improve dollar spot management strategies, especially with respect to minimizing the development of fungicide resistance. Population diversity of S. homoeocarpa was examined using inter-simple sequence repeat markers and vegetative compatibility assays. Two subgroups were found in S. homoeocarpa field populations on both fairway and putting green turfgrass at a research field in Wisconsin. These subgroups were genetically different, vegetatively incompatible, and had different fungicide sensitivities. The frequency of the two genetic subgroups differed significantly between the fairway and putting green, but was uniform within the fairway or within the green. Population dynamics of S. homoeocarpa in response to two systemic fungicides (thiophanate-methyl and propiconazole) were assessed based on in vitro fungicide sensitivity. Dynamics of S. homoeocarpa populations depended on the presence of fungicide-resistant isolates in the initial populations before fungicide applications and changed rapidly after fungicide applications. Shifting of the population toward propiconazole resistance was gradual, whereas thiophanate-methyl resistance developed rapidly in the population. In conclusion, field populations of S. homoeocarpa containing genetically distinct, vegetatively incompatible groups were different on turfgrass that was managed differently, and they were changed rapidly after exposure to fungicides.

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“…Dollar spot is a major disease of turfgrass throughout the world. Cultural practices include removal of foliar dew by mowing or poling (Williams et al, 1996), and applications of late spring N fertilizer or multiple applications of composts (Boulter et al, 2002). Symptoms occur from spring through fall, but are most prevalent during warm and humid days with cool nights in spring, early summer, and fall.…”

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Response of Bentgrass Cultivars to Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Isolates Representing 10 Vegetative Compatibility Groups

et al. 2006

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Dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett is a major disease of turfgrass throughout the world. Current control strategies depend heavily on fungicide application. Host resistance is an alternate management strategy, but a thorough understanding of the pathogen and host interaction is required to utilize it successfully. Seventy-nine clones of 10 cultivars of creeping (A. stolonifera L.), colonial (A. capillaris L.), dryland (A. castellana Boiss. & Reut.), and velvet (A. canina L.) bentgrass species were inoculated with an isolate of S. homoeocarpa in the greenhouse. A large degree of genetic variation in response to S. homoeocarpa at the species, cultivar, and clone levels was detected. In addition, 18 isolates of S. homoeocarpa representing 10 vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were used to inoculate 12 bentgrass cultivars. Disease severity evaluations showed significant difference among bentgrass cultivars and species in their response to dollar spot. The colonial and velvet bentgrass cultivars were significantly less susceptible to all the isolates of S. homoeocarpa compared to the creeping bentgrass cultivars. The isolates of S. homoeocarpa showed significant differences in levels of aggressiveness. However, data from pathogenicity tests indicated a lack of racespecific interactions. Therefore, turfgrass breeders should be able to select for resistance to one or a few highly virulent isolates of the pathogen, and obtain resistance to a wide array of isolates.

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Dollar Spot on Bentgrass Influenced by Displacement of Leaf Surface Moisture, Nitrogen, and Clipping Removal

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Species decline under nitrogen fertilization increases community-level competence of fungal diseases

Species decline under nitrogen fertilization increases community-level competence of fungal diseases

Rapid Development of Fungicide Resistance by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa on Turfgrass

Response of Bentgrass Cultivars to Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Isolates Representing 10 Vegetative Compatibility Groups

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