Domain-wall orientations and domain shapes of ferroelectric TGS and TGSe crystals

Ferroelectric Polarization Switching Dynamics and Domain Growth of Triglycine Sulfate and Imidazolium Perchlorate

“…The large anisotropic E wall seriously limits the domain nucleation, since tiny domains have higher-density domain walls and larger E wall per unit volume than those of large domains. Previous research indicates the E wall (≈6-9 mJ m −2 ) of TGS is smaller than that of BaTiO 3 (15-18 mJ m −2 ), [ 55,56 ] and thus the large E wall / E Gibbs rather than the only E wall should be the main reason for the special domain evolution observed in TGS and IM (Figures 4 and 5 ). However, since these chemical bonds infl uence E wall and E Gibbs in a complex way, it still needs further studies concerning their dependences.…”

“…There appear some equiangular hexagonal domains, due to the 3 m point group and the uniaxial poling axis (Figure 5 b), which again result in a large anisotropic domain wall energy ( E wall ). [ 6,55 ] Here the white/ brown domain has a polarization against/toward the Pt/Si substrate, i.e., P up / P down . After the central 30 × 30 µm 2 area was scanned by a tip with −5 V bias, the introduced white domain becomes much larger than the polarized area ( Figure 5 c).…”

3D Imaging of Ferroelectric Kinetics during Electrically Driven Switching

“…It is also interesting to note that the ferroelectric domains take their characteristic form, namely a square with rounded corners, directly at the first flank of the characteristic current peak. This individual domain shape is determined by the crystal symmetry 4 mm and elastic properties . Note that this optical method does not determine the direction of the spontaneous polarization, even though one can easily conclude that the polarization surrounded by the domain walls is antiparallel to the polarization outside.…”

Chiral Molecular Ferroelectrics with Polarized Optical Effect and Electroresistive Switching

“…27 The parameter E wall illustrates the energy of the domain walls, an interface separating neighboring ferroelectric domains, which increases with domain nucleation and growth. 28 E ele , E ela , and P refer to the material's electrostatic energy, elastic energy, and ferroelectric polarization, respectively, where E 0 , α, and β are all constants. To get the minimum E Gibbs , E wall , as a component of E Gibbs , should stay a minimum, and therefore, there is an optimum antidomain number and a critical size of ferroelectric domains to achieve an equilibrium.…”