Domain-wall vibrations

Slonczewski, J. C.; Argyle, B. E.; Spreen, J. H.

doi:10.1109/tmag.1981.1061742

Cited by 120 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is similar to previous single domain approximation for nanodisk arrays [10]. Assuming a two current model for the tunneling electrons [11] and with the knowledge of the exchange energy due to electron tunneling [12,13] between PL and FL, we obtained the exchange field exerted by one monolayer of PL over the FL. The exchange energy, ex E , and the spin torque, s t , which decide the switching current requirement for flipping the memory element, depend on the insulator's barrier height [11].…”

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confidence: 73%

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Switching thresholds in MTJ using SPICE model – Effects of spin and Ampere torques

Malathi¹,

Prabhakar

2008

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Spin torque due to spin polarized tunneling current can be used to switch the free layer in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). This current also gives rise to an Ampere torque, which influences the switching threshold of the MTJ. We modified the Landau–Lifschitz–Gilbert equation (LLGE) to include an Ampere torque term and solved for the magnetization dynamics under the single domain approximation using a linear solver in SPICE. We also extend the model to a square array of MTJs to study the effect of nearest neighbour interactions in addition to effects like demagnetization and magnetostatic interactions with the pinned layer. The interlayer exchange field between the free and pinned layers of a MTJ and the spin torque are competing factors that decide the threshold current density for switching the MTJ. We used a two current model to study the effects of barrier height and barrier thickness on spin torque and exchange energy. We observe that both the spin torque and exchange energy decrease with an increase in barrier height (for ferromagnetic coupling) and barrier thickness. We find that the inclusion of Ampere torque causes a reduction in the switching current. Varying the thickness of MgO and Al2O3 barriers allows us to minimize the switching threshold voltage. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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confidence: 73%

“…2. 3 Exchange field and spin torque The exchange energy per unit area due to a single electron tunneling from PL to FL at T = 0 K, is given in terms of the reflection coefficients of Bloch waves at the interface [12,13]…”

Section: Original Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Switching thresholds in MTJ using SPICE model – Effects of spin and Ampere torques

Malathi¹,

Prabhakar

2008

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…where γ = 2μ B / is the gyromagnetic ratio, and μ B is the Bohr magneton. The spin-torque [23] I S is generated by the non-equilibrium current, and thus is a nonconservative force. Without the spin torque, the magnetic moment precesses around the z-axis with the frequencyφ = γ H K cos θ ≡ along a constant energy trajectory determined by Eq.…”

Section: Application To a Magnetization Switching Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuation theorem of a mesoscopic engine and spin switching

Utsumi

Taniguchi

2016

Fortschritte der Physik

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Based on the fluctuation theorem of a small engine, we present a description of the stochastic dynamics of a mesoscopic system. We apply it to the problem of the escape of a particle from a metastable state subjected to a fluctuating nonconservative force, which is beyond the description of the fluctuation‐dissipation theorem. As an example, we consider a reversal of a small magnetic moment by fluctuating spin‐torque. The joint probability distribution of input heat and output work is derived from the full‐counting statistics under adiabatic pumping. We predict a threshold voltage above which the spin‐torque shot noise induces probabilistic switching events, and below which such events are blocked.

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“…1 Introduction Over the past years, the discovery of the spin transfer torque (STT) effect has attracted a lot of attention due to promising applications for magnetic switching and high-frequency oscillators in magnetic devices with nanometer dimensions. This phenomenon has been predicted first on theoretical grounds in 1996 [1][2][3] and is widely studied in patterned magnetic thin films [4,5], in multilayer based mechanical point contacts [6] and in pillar-like structures [7][8][9][10]. As the complementary effect to the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) [11,12], the STT effect manifests itself in magnetization switching when using spin-polarized electric currents with high density above 10 7 A/cm 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanoconstrictions for investigating spin transfer torque effect in granular Ag–Co films

Paddubrouskaya

Volodin

Petermann

et al. 2016

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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We used lithographically fabricated nanoconstrictions made of Ag–Co granular thin films to achieve current densities above 107 A/cm2 during magnetotransport measurements. Systematically measured variations of the resistance with current under high applied magnetic fields did not reveal any dramatically large magnetoresistance effect, in contrast to the previous observations using mechanical point contact based techniques. Our experimental results on resistance switching by current injection in the Ag–Co nanoconstrictions reveal spin torque effects. The switching amplitudes are considerably smaller when compared to the results obtained for pillar shaped trilayers due to the large number of Co grains in the nanoconstrictions. We demonstrate that the use of point contact patterns with nanometer dimensions, where effects resulting from current induced mechanical distortions at high magnetic fields are negligible, has obvious advantages over the mechanical point contact technique for studying spin injection effects.

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Domain-wall vibrations

Cited by 120 publications

References 10 publications

Switching thresholds in MTJ using SPICE model – Effects of spin and Ampere torques

Switching thresholds in MTJ using SPICE model – Effects of spin and Ampere torques

Fluctuation theorem of a mesoscopic engine and spin switching

Nanoconstrictions for investigating spin transfer torque effect in granular Ag–Co films

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