Domes, pits, and small chaos on Europa produced by water sills

Michaut, Chloé; Manga, Michael

doi:10.1002/2013je004558

Cited by 75 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

129

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The model20 applies to laccoliths with a radius-to-depth ratio of >5, and that are emplaced as sill-shaped non-compressible fluids that buckle an elastic upper layer after the intrusion reaches a steady diameter212223 (Fig. 4a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analogue and numerical models22232728 also treat laccoliths as closed systems that do not exchange mass with their surroundings during their formation. As the Cordón Caulle laccolith formed after the eruption's onset, both magma supply and the eruptive outflow must have influenced its formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( a ) Model schematic showing a laccolith (red) and the overburden and wall rock in grey colours23. The overburden at Cordón Caulle is a mixture of dacite lava flows and pyroclastic fall deposits (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption

Castro¹,

Cordonnier

Schipper

et al. 2016

Nat Commun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magmatic intrusions and volcanic eruptions are intimately related phenomena. Shallow magma intrusion builds subsurface reservoirs that are drained by volcanic eruptions. Thus, the long-held view is that intrusions must precede and feed eruptions. Here we show that explosive eruptions can also cause magma intrusion. We provide an account of a rapidly emplaced laccolith during the 2011 rhyolite eruption of Cordón Caulle, Chile. Remote sensing indicates that an intrusion began after eruption onset and caused severe (>200 m) uplift over 1 month. Digital terrain models resolve a laccolith-shaped body ∼0.8 km3. Deformation and conduit flow models indicate laccolith depths of only ∼20–200 m and overpressures (∼1–10 MPa) that likely stemmed from conduit blockage. Our results show that explosive eruptions may rapidly force significant quantities of magma in the crust to build laccoliths. These iconic intrusions can thus be interpreted as eruptive features that pose unique and previously unrecognized volcanic hazards.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption

Castro¹,

Cordonnier

Schipper

et al. 2016

Nat Commun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The model was kept simple on purpose, to make the analytical and numerical solutions tractable while still reflecting the overall features of the modeled systems. It exhibits the same limitations as most previous elastic models [ Bunger and Cruden , ; Michaut , ; Galland and Scheibert , ; Michaut and Manga , ; Thorey and Michaut , ; Michaut et al , ], including linear elasticity of the deforming layer, the thin plate approximation, a single strata of homogeneous thickness, rigidity of the basement, and axisymmetric intrusions. Field observations and geophysical data show that sills and laccoliths exhibit overall subcircular shapes in planar view, even if they are never perfectly circular.…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sedimentary basins, existing theoretical and numerical models of sill and laccolith emplacement account for elastic host rock only. Classical models, as well as very recent ones, consider the sill overburden as an elastic thin plate clamped to a perfectly rigid basement [ Pollard and Johnson , ; Jackson and Pollard , ; Scaillet et al , ; Kerr and Pollard , ; Goulty and Schofield , ; Bunger and Cruden , ; Michaut , ; Michaut and Manga , ; Thorey and Michaut , ; Michaut et al , ], and assume intrusion propagation to obey Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) theory. Because these models are clamped, they only account for deformation above the intrusion, which is not realistic [ Galland and Scheibert , , and references therein].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inelastic deformation during sill and laccolith emplacement: Insights from an analytic elastoplastic model

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous geological observations evidence that inelastic deformation occurs during sills and laccoliths emplacement. However, most models of sill and laccolith emplacement neglect inelastic processes by assuming purely elastic deformation of the host rock. This assumption has never been tested so that the role of inelastic deformation on the growth dynamics of magma intrusions remains poorly understood. In this paper, we introduce the first analytical model of shallow sill and laccolith emplacement that accounts for elastoplastic deformation of the host rock. It considers the intrusion's overburden as a thin elastic bending plate attached to an elastic‐perfectly plastic foundation. We find that, for geologically realistic values of the model parameters, the horizontal extent of the plastic zone lp is much smaller than the radius of the intrusion a. By modeling the quasi‐static growth of a sill, we find that the ratio lp/a decreases during propagation, as 1/a4ΔP, with ΔP the magma overpressure. The model also shows that the extent of the plastic zone decreases with the intrusion's depth, while it increases if the host rock is weaker. Comparison between our elastoplastic model and existing purely elastic models shows that plasticity can have a significant effect on intrusion propagation dynamics, with, e.g., up to a doubling of the overpressure necessary for the sill to grow. Our results suggest that plasticity effects might be small for large sills but conversely that they might be substantial for early sill propagation.

show abstract

Ice melting and downward transport of meltwater by two‐phase flow in Europa's ice shell

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With its young surface, very few impact craters, and the abundance of tectonic and cryovolcanic features, Europa has likely been subjected to relatively recent endogenic activity. Morphological analyses of chaos terrains and double ridges suggest the presence of liquid water within the ice shell a few kilometers below the surface, which may result from enhanced tidal heating. A major issue concerns the thermal/gravitational stability of these water reservoirs. Here we investigate the conditions under which water can be generated and transported through Europa's ice shell. We address particularly the downward two‐phase flow by solving the equations for a two‐phase mixture of water ice and liquid water in one‐dimensional geometry. In the case of purely temperate ice, we show that water is transported downward very efficiently in the form of successive porosity waves. The time needed to transport the water from the subsurface region to the underlying ocean varies between ∼1 and 100 kyr, depending mostly on the ice permeability. We further show that water produced in the head of tidally heated hot plumes never accumulates at shallow depths and is rapidly extracted from the ice shell (within less than a few hundred kiloyears). Our calculations indicate that liquid water will be largely absent in the near subsurface, with the possible exception of cold conductive regions subjected to strong tidal friction. Recently active double ridges subjected to large tidally driven strike‐slip motions are perhaps the most likely candidates for the detection of transient water lenses at shallow depths on Europa.

show abstract

Domes, pits, and small chaos on Europa produced by water sills

Cited by 75 publications

References 65 publications

Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption

Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption

Inelastic deformation during sill and laccolith emplacement: Insights from an analytic elastoplastic model

Ice melting and downward transport of meltwater by two‐phase flow in Europa's ice shell

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About