Domestic Loops and Deleveraging Hooks: Transnational Social Movements and the Politics of Scale Shift

Spalding, Rose J.

doi:10.4324/9781315609546-8

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This has long been recognised by political geographers, who argue that space and scale are not natural, but socially and politically constructed, and the outcome of power struggles between competing social forces (Massey, 1992;Agnew, 1994;Cox, 1998;Gough, 2004). This 'politics of scale' framework has been recently used to examine region building by the 'Pink Tide' of leftist governments in Latin America, examining the ways in which transnational social forces operating across regional organizations have sought to construct a 'counterhegemonic' regionalism to challenge the neoliberal world order (Muhr, 2013(Muhr, , 2017(Muhr, , 2019(Muhr, , 2016Spalding, 2015;Perrotta, 2016). This article builds on these analyses to account for the evolving nature of Mercosur, highlighting how its different phases reflected the political projects of competing coalitions of social forces, and how the politics of scale associated with attempts to lock in governance at the regional level led to Mercosur's politicization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Face of Mercosur: Legitimacy and the Politics of Scale in South American Regionalism

Chodor

2021

J of Common Market Studies

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Mercosur has undergone numerous transformations, from a customs union to an organization promoting development and consulting civil society. Recently, there has been a backlash against such 'politicization', and an attempt to return Mercosur to its origins. At each of these phases, Mercosur was plagued by questions about its legitimacy and purpose, and its leaders reached out to different types of actors to legitimize it. This article argues that each phase of Mercosur's evolution represented the ascendancy of a constellation of social forces, which sought to shift the governance of particular issues beyond the national scope, to secure their interests. In this context, the different legitimation processes and changing actors involved in them represent different balances of forces within Mercosur. The article traces the evolution of Mercosur and its legitimation processes, identifying the social struggles behind them, and the different conceptions of legitimacy constructed and contested as part of this process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Face of Mercosur: Legitimacy and the Politics of Scale in South American Regionalism

Chodor

2021

J of Common Market Studies

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“…After the civil war in El Salvador (1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992), the country reformed its markets under the Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA) government in the 1990s, as well as its mining law in 1996 11 that permitted an investor friendly environment with up to 3% 12 royalties (Spalding 2016 (Spalding 2016, 2; see also : Spalding 2014b: Spalding , 2015aBroad and Cavanagh 2015).…”

Section: Extractivism and Mobilization In Central Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource extraction, resistance, and religion in Nicaragua

Hendricks¹

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My dissertation examines the causes of protest over resource extraction in Nicaragua, and underlines the role of religion as a catalyst for sustained and successful challenges against resource extraction. With few exceptions, existing research has rarely explored individual-level attitudes related to resource extraction. Opposition and support towards mining are not mutually exclusive from protest success in overturning a mining concession. They build off each other. If a community strongly opposes mining, especially related to economic threats and grievances tied to environmental and agricultural concerns, it will likely continue its resistance movement until it sees policy changes that halt or overturn mining concessions in the community. However, if there is support for mining in the community over economic opportunities and benefits, mining activities will likely prevail because individuals in the community believe they will economically benefit from mining. I examine the causes of opposition and support over resource extraction in two Nicaraguan mining communities through qualitative interviews and public opinion surveys. I am particularly interested in why individuals either support or oppose resource extraction, and how these attitudes are shaped by social engagement (i.e., formed or reinforced) through participation in various types of local organizations. In doing so, scholars can begin to understand different individual responses to mining that underline the aggregate stories of homogenous community resistance and better understand the individual mechanisms that lead citizens in extractive areas to either partake in mining resistance or abstain. Additionally, existing literature has largely ignored the role of religion as a catalyst in fomenting successful resistance against resource extraction. In fact, there are thousands of protests against resource extraction in Latin America and hundreds throughout Nicaragua, but only a small fraction of them are effective in stopping mining concessions. Because there are clear power imbalances between communities and extractive companies, preventing a new mining project from being implemented or ending an existing project is a very difficult endeavor. Large-scale extractive companies often utilize "divide and rule" strategies that successfully break up local opposition to extraction. My dissertation examines how religion acts as a catalyzing agent in providing communities with the organizational tools and resources that assist individuals in effectively and sustainably to unite and organize against mining until the community achieves a successful national-level policy change reversing mining concessions.

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Transnational Social Movements in Latin America

Bülow

2023

The Oxford Handbook of Latin American Social Movements

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Latin America has been an important cradle of transnational social movements since the beginning of the twentieth century. These movements not only launched reactive campaigns to counter threats, but also built new organizational fora and events to think about policy alternatives. They had substantial impacts on international negotiations and on the organizational infrastructure of civil society globally. Two examples discussed in this chapter are the creation of the Hemispheric Social Alliance, at the Inter-American level, and the World Social Forum meetings, at the global level. The scholarly literature on Latin American transnationalism has added to key debates about the emergence of transnational collective action and its consequences. It has also helped reach a better understanding of why and how actors shift through domestic and international scales, and the challenges they face as they do so. Important gaps remain, however, most importantly the study of conservative and right-wing transnational movements, and research on the impacts of the incorporation of digital repertoires on transnational collective action.

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Domestic Loops and Deleveraging Hooks: Transnational Social Movements and the Politics of Scale Shift

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

The Changing Face of Mercosur: Legitimacy and the Politics of Scale in South American Regionalism

The Changing Face of Mercosur: Legitimacy and the Politics of Scale in South American Regionalism

Resource extraction, resistance, and religion in Nicaragua

Transnational Social Movements in Latin America

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