Domestic Pigs Have Low Susceptibility to H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses

Lipatov, A. S.; Kwon, Yong-Kuk; Sarmento, Luciana; Lager, Kelly M.; Spackman, Erica; Suarez, David L.; Swayne, David E.

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000102

Cited by 120 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…did not specify avian pathogenicity for the H5 and H7 strains, high pathogenicity and low pathogenicity do not necessarily translate between species. Furthermore, a recent study demonstrated that experimentally HPAI virus‐infected swine only produced mild clinical symptoms or were asymptomatic 21. Such clinical signs could easily go unnoticed in a large group of animals or be confused with other common swine respiratory diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Balzli

Lager

Vincent

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundThe ability of pigs to become infected with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses and then generate mammalian adaptable influenza A viruses is difficult to determine. Yet, it is an important link to understanding any relationship between LPAI virus ecology and possible epidemics among swine and/or humans.ObjectivesAssess susceptibility of pigs to LPAI viruses found within the United States and their direct contact transmission potential.MethodsPigs were inoculated with one of ten H5 or H7 LPAI viruses selected from seven different bird species to test infectivity, virulence, pathogenesis, and potential to transmit virus to contact pigs through histological, RRT‐PCR and seroconversion data.ResultsAlthough pigs were susceptible to infection with each of the LPAI viruses, no clinical disease was recognized in any pig. During the acute phase of the infection, minor pulmonary lesions were found in some pigs and one or more pigs in each group were RRT‐PCR‐positive in the lower respiratory tract, but no virus was detected in upper respiratory tract (negative nasal swabs). Except for one group, one or more pigs in each LPAI group developed antibody. No LPAI viruses transmitted to contact pigs.Conclusions LPAI strains from various bird populations within the United States are capable of infecting pigs. Although adaptability and transmission of individual strains seem unlikely, the subclinical nature of the infections demonstrates the need to improve sampling and testing methods to more accurately measure incidence of LPAI virus infection in pigs, and their potential role in human‐zoonotic LPAI virus dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Balzli

Lager

Vincent

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…However, an exaggerated inflammatory response is believed to contribute to H5N1-associated morbidity and mortality [52][53][54][55]. For example, the resistance of pigs to severe H5N1-mediated disease correlated with the lack of a strong pro-inflammatory response following infection [56][57][58]. Combined with evidence that macrophages support productive replication of some IAV strains, excessive cytokine production following H5N1 infection may be a result of productive virus replication in macrophages.…”

Section: Iav Replication and Hypercytokinemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza virus replication in macrophages: balancing protection and pathogenesis

Cline

Beck

Bianchini

2017

Journal of General Virology

103

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Macrophages are essential for protection against influenza A virus infection, but are also implicated in the morbidity and mortality associated with severe influenza disease, particularly during infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus. While influenza virus infection of macrophages was once thought to be abortive, it is now clear that certain virus strains can replicate productively in macrophages. This may have important consequences for the antiviral functions of macrophages, the course of disease and the outcome of infection for the host. In this article, we review findings related to influenza virus replication in macrophages and the impact of productive replication on macrophage antiviral functions. A clear understanding of the interactions between influenza viruses and macrophages may lead to new antiviral therapies to relieve the burden of severe disease associated with influenza viruses.

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“…Species such as P. domesticus are particularly problematic because their cosmopolitan distribution makes them a worldwide pathogen reservoir and source of infection of humans and domestic and wild birds (Gondim et al, 2010). Additionally, if preyed upon, these synanthropic birds may transmit pathogens to susceptible mammals, such as cats and pigs (Kuiken et al, 2004;Lipatov et al, 2008).…”

Section: Species Composition Of Mist Netcaptured Birds Frequenting Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance for Newcastle Disease Virus, Avian Influenza Virus and Mycoplasma Gallisepticum in Wild Birds Near Commercial Poultry Farms Surrounded by Atlantic Rainforest Remnants, Southeastern Brazil

Guimarães

Hurtado

Bello

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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The geographic overlap between areas of Atlantic rainforest and human activities allows interactions to occur between humans and wild and domestic animals. Despite the great importance of the domestic animal-wildlife-human interface that occurs at poultry farms in terms of public health, economic production and wildlife conservation, there are few studies in Brazil examining the distribution and health of wild birds that interact with poultry farms. From January to December 2010, mist nets were used to capture 166 free-ranging birds that were within close proximity to three poultry farms in Atlantic rainforest remnants in southeastern Brazil. The species composition was examined, and molecular methods were used to test for avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The avian communities near the poultry farms were dominated by three synanthropic species, which corresponded to 70% of all captured individuals: house sparrows Passer domesticus (33%), saffron finches (Sicalis flaveola) (22%), and ruddy ground-doves (Columbina talpacoti) (15%). These predominant bird species were in poor body condition (27%), were infested with feather mites (43%), or presented both conditions (23%). No evidence of infection by avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus or M. gallisepticum was identified in any of the studied birds. Although no evidence of the studied pathogens was, our findings demonstrate that differences in the environmental characteristics and biosecurity practices influence the wild bird community near poultry farms, which in turn may affect the health status of these synanthropic birds and strengthen their role in the transmission of pathogens.

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Domestic Pigs Have Low Susceptibility to H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses

Cited by 120 publications

References 58 publications

Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Influenza virus replication in macrophages: balancing protection and pathogenesis

Surveillance for Newcastle Disease Virus, Avian Influenza Virus and Mycoplasma Gallisepticum in Wild Birds Near Commercial Poultry Farms Surrounded by Atlantic Rainforest Remnants, Southeastern Brazil

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