“…Moreso, the role of tourism as a vector of poverty alleviation/reduction has emerged as a critical debate within the tourism economics discourse Mahadevan & Suardi, 2019;Njoya, & Seetaram, 2018). Some studies (Blake, Arbache, Sinclair, & Teles, 2008;Llorca-Rodríguez, García-Fernández & Casas-Jurado, 2020;Njoya, & Seetaram, 2018) have found a positive relationship (tourism improves consumption per capita and hence, reduces poverty) between tourism and poverty alleviation. While, contrastingly other studies have found that tourism has an insignificant (Croes, 2014;Oviedo-García, González-Rodríguez & Vega-Vázquez, 2019;Rakotondramaro & Andriamasy, 2016) and in some cases a negative influence (Bolwell & Weinz, 2008;Croes & Rivera, 2015;Kim et al, 2016) on poverty alleviation.…”