“…Reflecting their importance to victims (Buzawa et al, 2011), civil restraining orders have been extensively studied from a variety of viewpoints. Areas of enquiry have included such issues as: male and female modes of framing their victimization (Durfee, 2011); motivations for victim noncompletion of the protective order process (Roberts, Wolfer, & Mele, 2008; Zoellner et al, 2000); rates of violation of protective orders (Kanuha & Ross, 2004; Logan & Walker, 2010); factors associated with order violations (Etter & Birzer, 2007); perceived effectiveness of the orders by petitioners (Logan & Walker, 2009; Logan, Walker, Shannon, & Cole, 2008); and attitudes of law enforcement officers toward civil orders and their enforcement (Rigakos, 1995).…”