Domestic Water and Dental Caries

Dean, Hartley

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1943.tb20990.x

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A major long-term, randomized clinical trial, the Women's Health Initiative (Rossouw et al, 1995), has been designed to test experimentally the hypothesis that these factors are indeed responsible for the observed lowering of heart disease risk in certain groups of women. To cite a perhaps more familiar example, epidemiologic observations of lower risks of caries in communities with high levels of naturally occurring fluoride led to the design of the Newburgh-Kingston studies, where water fluoridation was introduced experimentally into the water of one (experimental) community, while a similar, neighboring community's water was left unfluoridated as a control (Dean et al, 1942).…”

Section: (I) Temporomandibular Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Temporomandibular Disorders: Implications for the Investigation of Etiologic Factors

LeResche

1997

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

817

531

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Epidemiology is the study of the distribution, determinants, and natural history of disease in populations. Epidemiology has several uses in addition to its traditional role of documenting the public health significance of a condition. Notably, epidemiologic methods and data can be used to identify and verify causes of disease. This article reviews the epidemiologic data on pain in the temporomandibular region, and on signs and symptoms associated with specific subtypes of temporomandibular disorders, with the aim of identifying possible etiologic factors for these conditions that deserve further study. Despite methodologic and population differences, several consistencies are apparent in the epidemiologic literature.Pain in the temporomandibular region appears to be relatively common, occurring in approximately 10% of the population over age 18; it is primarily a condition of young and middle-aged adults, rather than of children or the elderly, and is approximately twice as common in women as in men. This prevalence pattern suggests that etiologic investigations should be directed at biologic and psychosocial factors that are more common in women than in men, and diminish in older age groups. Most signs and symptoms associated with particular temporomandibular disorders (e.g., joint sounds, pain in the joint) also appear to be more prevalent in women than in men, although age patterns for these signs and symptoms are not as clear as for temporomandibular pain. The available data highlight the need for further research on etiologic factors associated with temporomandibular pain and with specific diagnostic subtypes of temporomandibular disorders.Key words. Temporomandibular disorders, epidemiology, etiologic factors, sex factors, age factors. (I) Temporomandibular DisordersThe term "temporomandibular disorders" (or TMD) is a collective used to describe a group of musculoskeletal conditions occurring in the temporomandibular region (Laskin et al., 1983). These conditions are characterized by pain in the muscles of mastication, the temporomandibular joint, or both. In addition to report of ongoing pain, pain on palpation and/or pain on function may be present. Signs that frequently accompany the pain in clinic populations include joint sounds, such as clicking or crepitation, and limitations or deviation upon mandibular opening. The most common subtypes of temporomandibular disorders in clinic populations appear to be myofascial pain and arthralgia, followed by disc displacements with reduction (Truelove et al., 1992). Although epidemiologic research on specific subtypes of temporomandibular disorders is in its infancy, historically these conditions were considered part of a single disease entity, and were investigated as such. Therefore, of necessity, much of this review will cover epidemiologic research that investigated temporomandibular disorders more generically. Whenever possible, an attempt will be made to "tease apart" the findings of these investigations to provide data relevant to the specific ...

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Section: (I) Temporomandibular Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Temporomandibular Disorders: Implications for the Investigation of Etiologic Factors

LeResche

1997

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

817

531

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“…However, the actual mechanism of fluoride action remains the subject of debate. The belief that fluoride has to be ingested and acts preventively by becoming incorporated into tooth mineral during its development originated from the early studies of Dean et al [1942] and McKay [1952]. At this time many clinical trials were designed to prove the pre-eruptive (systemic) mode of action of fluoride.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic versus Topical Fluoride

Hellwig

Lennon²

2004

Caries Res

100

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The actual mechanism of fluoride action is still a subject of debate. A dogma has existed for many decades, that fluoride has to be ingested and acts mainly pre-eruptively. However, recent studies concerning the systemic effect of fluoride supplementation concluded that the caries-preventive effect of fluoride is almost exclusively posteruptive. Moreover, epidemiologists have cast doubt on the validity of the ‘old’ studies dealing with fluoride use. The concept of the posteruptive fluoride effect is supported by in vitro and in situ investigations demonstrating that the mode of action of fluoride can be attributed mainly to its influence on de- and remineralization kinetics of dental hard tissues. Therefore, topical fluoride application (e.g. in the form of fluoridated dentifrices) should be encouraged. There are still important questions open that need to be answered despite existing knowledge about the caries-preventive effect of fluoride.

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“…* Individual scores are calculated by multiplying the frequency of each category in the population by the assigned weight. The sum of the weighted scores is then divided by the number of individuals examined (Dean 1942) (see also Fejerskov et al (1988)). …”

Section: Dental Fluorosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoridation and hypothyroidism – a commentary on Peckham et al.

Foley

2015

Br Dent J

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Domestic Water and Dental Caries

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

Epidemiology of Temporomandibular Disorders: Implications for the Investigation of Etiologic Factors

Epidemiology of Temporomandibular Disorders: Implications for the Investigation of Etiologic Factors

Systemic versus Topical Fluoride

Fluoridation and hypothyroidism – a commentary on Peckham et al.

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