Domestically Driven, Differentiated EU Rule Adoption: The Case of Energy Sector Reform in Turkey

Carafa, Luigi

doi:10.4337/9780857939210.00019

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Some studies argue that the EU's assistance and future prospect of investments in modernizing energy infrastructure, and hence higher security of supply, are key drivers motivating candidate and some other neighbouring countries to join the EnC (Prange-Gstöhl, 2009: 5302). By contrast, other studies reveal that, even for candidate countries, adoption of EU energy rules has been mostly selective and driven by domestic sectorspecific needs rather than external incentives (Carafa, 2012). Also with regard to the southern Mediterranean countries, Escribano (2012: 96) concludes that due to the different energy sector models and geo-economic factors affecting the countries of the region, 'the vision of a fully-integrated Pan-Euro-Mediterranean energy market at the EU's energy acquis' own image and likeness is not a realistic one'.…”

Section: Market Power Europe? (Mis)fortunes Of the Eu's External Ener...mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…From a sociological perspective, another factor used for explaining the effectiveness of the EU's external governance is the perception of legitimacy or appropriateness of the EU's demands in the eyes of non-member countries. A key factor identified as undermining the authority of the EU's liberal energy model abroad is the patchy and controversial implementation of the internal energy market rules within the EU itself (Belyi, 2012;Carafa, 2012;Kuzemko, 2014). The persistence of different energy models within the EU has also left ample room for criticism of double standards, as countries such as Russia or Algeria have been adamant on arguing that the EU requires third countries to comply with rules that have only been incompletely and reluctantly applied by the Member States (Belyi, 2008).…”

Section: Market Power Europe? (Mis)fortunes Of the Eu's External Ener...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy: Two Volume Set

Jørgensen

Aarstad²,

Drieskens³

et al. 2015

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Section: Market Power Europe? (Mis)fortunes Of the Eu's External Ener...mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Market Power Europe? (Mis)fortunes Of the Eu's External Ener...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy: Two Volume Set

Jørgensen

Aarstad²,

Drieskens³

et al. 2015

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“…In addition, critical legal regulations were made in 2005 and 2011 to increase renewable sources in electricity generation. These regulations aimed to increase Turkish electricity prices' competitiveness in the European market (Carafa, 2012).…”

Section: The Analysis Of Eu Accession and Regional Agreements 11 Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Environment in Turkish-Bulgarian Relations

Sakal¹,

Pastarmadzhieva²

2021

Proceedings of The VIII International Scientific Conference "Social Changes in the Global World"- Part 2 2021

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This paper focuses on the changing role of energy and environment in Turkish-Bulgarian relations since the second half of the 2010s. The energy ties between the two countries strengthened since then after reaching at least two critical milestones. The first is the synchronous integration of Turkey's electricity grid to the EU power transmission network, and the second is the TurkStream natural gas pipeline that extends towards Bulgaria. These two crucial developments necessitated Turkey's energy laws to be in harmony with the EU regulations. On the other hand, Turkey's environmental policies are not fully harmonious with the EU policies and rules, and bilateral environmental relations remain relatively immature. This paper aims to analyze the main aspects of the energy, environment, and water policies in Turkish-Bulgarian relations and identify reasons for the challenges in the issue areas in the regional environment. The main research question of the paper is whether the main weaknesses in the implementation of environmental sustainability policies are related to governance issues in the countries. To answer this question, this paper compares the three aspects of Turkey's energy and environment relations with Bulgaria, i.e., natural gas trade, electricity trade, transboundary rivers. The methods used include examining fundamental laws, regulations, documents, and reports of the energy and environment regulators. The authors investigate the perceptions and opinions of the people, politicians, media, civil society, and political parties about energy trade and transboundary water issues. The paper argues that joint transboundary initiatives, strong incentives for cooperation, and the existing regulations in place since the early 2010s are insufficient to successfully implement environmental policies. Instead, government effectiveness is crucial for achieving a sustainable regional environment.

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“…In 2013, a new Electricity Market Law was introduced. These new laws aim at achieving competitive electricity price levels in the European market by the private electricity generators in Turkey following the EU acquis and are in line with the directives of the European Commission 126. According to the new Electricity Market Law of Turkey, the firms that generate electricity from renewable resources may get a document that proofs the source of electricity from the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkey.…”

Section: Turkey’s Shared River Basins and Interconnections With Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Turkey’s energy trade relations with Europe: The role of institutions and energy market

Sakal

2020

Energy & Environment

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Globally, the level of electricity grid interconnectedness between neighboring countries varies depending on the level of regional cooperation enabled by institutions. As suggested by previous research, in transboundary river basins, this variation affects the environment and the management of transboundary waters. In regions where all electricity utilities are connected and function at a synchronized frequency, and where integrated electricity market mechanisms function, the stress on the shared water resources tends to be less. Turkey shares river basins and power transmission lines in Europe both with the members of the European Union (EU) and with non-member states. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature on the geopolitics of renewable energy by comparing the level of Turkey’s electricity trade integrity with its EU-member European neighbors and with its non-EU-member neighbors and discuss the potential impacts of the transboundary electricity trade on the environment and the shared water resources. The main argument in this paper is that the higher level of electricity trade between Turkey and its EU-member neighbors is facilitated and boosted by Turkey’s membership to the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E). The higher level of electricity interconnection leads to a higher level of cooperation in water and environment issues in the shared river basins between Turkey and Europe through the facilitating role of established institutions.

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Domestically Driven, Differentiated EU Rule Adoption: The Case of Energy Sector Reform in Turkey

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy: Two Volume Set

The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy: Two Volume Set

Energy and Environment in Turkish-Bulgarian Relations

Turkey’s energy trade relations with Europe: The role of institutions and energy market

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