From the sea the island [Zanzibar] presents the appearance of an unbroken forest of cocoanut, mango, and other trees, with the clove plantations on the hills forming the background; the island is intersected by paths and green lanes in every direction, affording a neverending variety of pleasant rides and walks. The country-houses of the Arab proprietors, and the huts of their slaves, are thickly dotted over the surface, surrounded with gardens and fields. The hedge-rows are formed covered with flowering creepers, chiefly varieties of jasmine and wild pea. The hedges are formed of a species of laurel, wild orange, lime, and other evergreens; and pineapples grow everywhere in profusion. In many parts are glades of undulating-grass land of park-like appearance, dotted with gigantic mango trees…. The ponds are covered with rushes and white and blue lilies; and the air is perfumed with the blossoms of the mango and clove. (Rigby 1861, pp. 2-3) So wrote Lieutenant Colonel C.P. Rigby, consul and British agent at Zanzibar in 1861, laying out one potential gaze over the clove plantation landscape of the island of Zanzibar. The landscape depicted is an African one, but one that emerges-is given "density of meaning"-through material referents to a very English kind of landscape. By producing this relation, European commentators of the nineteenthcentury to were able to produce a certain kind of mastery over the landscape, while also providing a clear relationship for metropolitan reading publics (Pratt 1992, p. 204). As should become clear through this chapter, this is just one of the complex ways through which landscape on Zanzibar has been perceived. Examining the variety of landscapes in existence, at levels of practice and through scopic regimes (sensu Jay 1988), demonstrates the complex ways in which clove plantations may be placed within capitalism, colonialism, East African cultural practices, and modernity.At the time Rigby was writing, Zanzibar was increasingly under the influence of British imperialism. Although still under the autonomous rule of the Sultanate, within the next 40 years, a British administration had largely taken control of the governance of the islands (Bissell 2011). Narratives of Zanzibar could be seen to be still part of a "contact zone"-an initial period of spatial and temporal copresence of different groups previously separated by geographic and historical disjunctures (Pratt 1992, p. 7). British colonial and other European economic interests