Domestication and growth hormone alter antipredator behaviour and growth patterns in juvenile brown trout, <i>Salmo trutta</i>

Johnsson, Jörgen I.; Petersson, Erik; Jönsson, Elisabeth; Björnsson, Björn Th.; Järvi, Torbjörn

doi:10.1139/f96-090

Cited by 195 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Increased levels of GH have also proven to have an effect on behavior. Thus, it has been shown that exogenous GH increases appetite and dominance in juvenile rainbow trout [Johnsson and Björnsson, 1994] as well as decreasing antipredator behavior [Johnsson et al, 1996].…”

Section: To What Extent Are Divergent Stress Coping Styles An Effect mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically Determined Variation in Stress Responsiveness in Rainbow Trout: Behavior and Neurobiology

Schjolden

Winberg

2007

Brain Behav Evol

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It is becoming increasingly recognized that the diversity in stressors, their intensity, predictability and the context in which they are experienced, will result in behavioral and physiological responses just as diverse. In addition, stress responses are characterized by individual variations where the physiological and behavioral reactions are associated in such a manner that distinct stress coping styles encompassing suites of correlated traits can be identified. These are often referred to as proactive and reactive stress coping styles. Proactive coping is characterized by more aggression, higher general activity and higher sympathetic activation, whereas reactive coping is characterized by immobility, lack of initiative and a higher parasympathetic/hypothalamic activation. Stable coping styles appear to coexist within populations, and these strategies appear to be largely innate. Moreover, the physiological and behavioral traits of coping styles appear to be heritable. These stress coping styles have proven to play a major role in competitive ability and subsequent social position in different species of vertebrates. However, there are also studies showing that social position can affect parameters encompassing the stress coping style of individuals. In this regard it is important, but not always easy, to distinguish between causes and effects of behavioral and physiological responses to stressors. The question raised is to what extent and rigidness stress coping styles are guided by genetic factors.

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Section: To What Extent Are Divergent Stress Coping Styles An Effect mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically Determined Variation in Stress Responsiveness in Rainbow Trout: Behavior and Neurobiology

Schjolden

Winberg

2007

Brain Behav Evol

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“…It is possible that naïve cod-conditioned gobies are more fearless, as they have had limited experience of cod as a stationary predator (Svåsand 1990). Earlier studies have shown that predator-naïve fish are more riskprone than wild fish (Johnsson et al 1996), and that prey learn to use different anti-predator behaviours/ strategies for different predators (e.g. Lima & Dill 1990, Lima 1992, Sih et al 1998).…”

Section: Visual and Chemical Predator Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of naïve two-spotted gobies Gobiusculus flavescens to visual and chemical stimuli of their natural predator, cod Gadus morhua

Utne‐Palm¹

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In order to determine whether the anti-predator response of gobies to cod Gadus morhua is inherited, naïve two-spotted gobies Gobiusculus flavescens were exposed to visual or chemical cod stimuli, in order to determine whether such stimuli would trigger an innate anti-predator response. Groups of 10 naïve adult two-spotted gobies were tested for their distribution between 2 habitats in an aquarium: 1 'safe' and 1 'risky' habitat, in which a cod was presented either visually or by its odour. Equal amounts of food were available in the 2 habitats. When no predator stimuli were presented in either habitat, the gobies distributed themselves equally between them both. When a visual stimulus of a cod was presented in 1 of the habitats, they avoided this habitat. The introduction of cod odour in 1 of the habitats did not influence the distribution of the gobies. After a single session with a cod physically present in 1 habitat, the gobies still did not respond to the introduction of cod odour the following day. However, after having experienced a cod being physically present on 3 consecutive feeding sessions, they responded to cod odour with avoidance. The response to cod odour was still significant 6 mo after the experience. It therefore appears that the goby has an innate fear of any larger fish, while the recognition of a specific predator odour has to be learned. KEY WORDS: Innate response · Olfactory predator cue · Visual predator cue · Gobiusculus flavescens · Gadus morhuaResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…Field studies have been undertaken of the reproductive behaviour and success of escapees and their hybrids (Fleming et al 2000;McGinnity et al 2003), and laboratory studies show a greater willingness of domestic fishes to accept risk to access food-rich habitats (e.g. Johnsson & Abrahams 1991;Johnsson et al 1996). However, no large-scale field experiments yet exist that directly quantify the relative survivorship of wild and domestic strains and the ecological conditions affecting their survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predators select against high growth rates and risk–taking behaviour in domestic trout populations

Biro

Abrahams

Post

et al. 2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

281

291

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Domesticated (farm) salmonid fishes display an increased willingness to accept risk while foraging, and achieve high growth rates not observed in nature. Theory predicts that elevated growth rates in domestic salmonids will result in greater risk-taking to access abundant food, but low survival in the presence of predators. In replicated whole-lake experiments, we observed that domestic trout (selected for high growth rates) took greater risks while foraging and grew faster than a wild strain. However, survival consequences for greater growth rates depended upon the predation environment. Domestic trout experienced greater survival when risk was low, but lower survival when risk was high. This suggests that animals with high intrinsic growth rates are selected against in populations with abundant predators, explaining the absence of such phenotypes in nature. This is, to our knowledge, the first large-scale field experiment to directly test this theory and simultaneously quantify the initial invasibility of domestic salmonid strains that escape into the wild from aquaculture operations, and the ecological conditions affecting their survival.

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Domestication and growth hormone alter antipredator behaviour and growth patterns in juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta

Cited by 195 publications

References 36 publications

Genetically Determined Variation in Stress Responsiveness in Rainbow Trout: Behavior and Neurobiology

Genetically Determined Variation in Stress Responsiveness in Rainbow Trout: Behavior and Neurobiology

Response of naïve two-spotted gobies Gobiusculus flavescens to visual and chemical stimuli of their natural predator, cod Gadus morhua

Predators select against high growth rates and risk–taking behaviour in domestic trout populations

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