Dominance hierarchy and social grooming in female lion- tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) in the Western Ghats, India

Singh, Mridula; Krishna, B. A.; Singh, Mewa

doi:10.1007/bf02704110

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This species has been classified under Grade III of macaques, indicating a relatively relaxed social system (Thierry 2004(Thierry , 2007. However, our observations and a linearity-based analysis of social interactions among lion-tailed macaque females on an interval scale of 0-1 (Singh et al 2006c) indicate that both male and female lion-tailed macaques have a more aggressively organized social system than previously thought.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Male–Male Relationships in Lion-tailed Macaques (Macaca silenus) and Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata)

Singh

Jeyaraj²,

Prashanth

et al. 2010

Int J Primatol

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Socioecology suggests that female distribution in space is determined by the distribution of food resources and the male distribution is influenced by female distribution. Though studies have traditionally focused on females, males have received increasing attention in recent years. We compared male-male relationships in lion-tailed macaques and bonnet macaques. Because bonnet macaques have a high adult male:female sex ratio and are seasonal breeders whereas lion-tailed macaques have a low adult male:female sex ratio and are largely aseasonal breeders, we predicted that bonnet macaque males would be spatially and socially more tolerant of each other and would have less linear dominance relationships than lion-tailed macaques. We recorded male-male and male-female relationships in 1 group of wild macaques of each species via scan sampling and 1-0 sampling. The results revealed that lion-tailed macaque males largely remained at a distance from each other whereas bonnet macaque males remained in close proximity to one another. Liontailed macaque males were more agonistic toward each other whereas bonnet macaque males showed more affiliative interactions. The dominance hierarchy among lion-tailed macaque males was more linear than among bonnet macaque males. Our data support the hypothesis that the study of spatial structuring, temporality of interactions, and linearity of social relationships may contribute to a better understanding of macaque social systems.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Male–Male Relationships in Lion-tailed Macaques (Macaca silenus) and Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata)

Singh

Jeyaraj²,

Prashanth

et al. 2010

Int J Primatol

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“…Overall, our results are more in line with the latter hypothesis, as most grooming in the subsequent grooming session was done by the approaching individual. This was also true when controlling for the wellestablished fact that dominants receive more grooming than subordinates do (Balasubramaniam et al 2011;Barrett et al 1999;Carne et al 2011;Fruteau et al 2011a;Nakamichi 2003;Payne et al 2003;Port et al 2009;Schino 2007;Seyfarth 1977;Singh et al 2006), cf. Macdonald et al (2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Negotiations over Grooming in Wild Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)

Waal¹,

Spinelli²,

Bshary³

et al. 2013

Int J Primatol

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Mutual grooming plays a central role in the establishment and maintenance of social relationships in primates. Allogrooming has two main functions: hygiene and bonding with partners. The duration of grooming bouts is commonly used in studies of the functional aspects of grooming, but few reflect on the proximate mechanisms that determine grooming bout lengths. As it is highly unlikely that groomer and groomee prefer exactly the same bout length, we are likely to observe the result of some form of negotiation. We currently lack information about the signals that primates employ to inform others about their intentions and desires concerning grooming interactions. From October 2006 until April 2007 we studied three behaviors shown in grooming interactions that could potentially have a signaling function in the negotiation process over the initiation and length of grooming bouts among adult females of two vervet groups freely ranging in the Loskop Dam Nature Reserve, South Africa: approaching another individual as far as that resulted in a grooming session, changing of the body position by the groomed individual, and lip smacking. We found that "approach" did not reliably predict which individual would receive grooming first, although approaching individuals groomed significantly more than those approached. Thus, in Erica van de Waal and Martina Spinelli are joined first authorship.

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“…These stable numbers may be attributed to the carrying capacity of the fragments. However, other small fragments show an increase in group size since 1996, possibly as a result of higher reproductive rates, lower mortality, lack of dispersal, and fission due to lack of space (Umapathy and Kumar 2000b;Singh et al 2002Singh et al , 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of Habitat Fragmentation on the Demography of Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) Populations in the Rainforests of Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India

2011

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Habitat fragmentation is considered the most serious threat to primate conservation in the tropics, and understanding it effects on lion-tailed macaque is very important because most of the populations live in fragmented habitats. We examined demographic parameters of 9 lion-tailed macaque groups in 8 rain forest fragments with reference to fragment area, tree density, canopy cover, tree height, and total basal area of food trees. Group size ranged from 7 to 90 individuals but was not related to habitat variables. Birth and growth rates of groups did not differ significantly between small (n=4) and large (n=4) fragments. Tree density, canopy cover, and total basal of food trees all show strong positive correlations with fragment area. Growth rate correlates with tree density, but there are no other significant relationships between birth or growth rate and habitat variables. The percentage of immature individuals in the group is significantly positively associated with the total basal area of food trees, but not with any other habitat variable. Comparison of our data from this study with data available for the same population in 1996 indicates a slight decline in birth rate but an increase in total number of individuals, from 154 to 242. Of the 5 small fragment groups, 3 have increased in size since 1996 while the sizes of the other 2 groups have remained the same. Based on this study, we advocate that to manage the fragile lion-tailed macaque groups the following steps need to be taken: 1) create dispersal corridors between the fragments using fruit trees to facilitate male dispersal, 2) construct canopy bridges across the prevailing roads, 3) protect the fragments from further degradation, and 4) periodically monitor these populations for long-term conservation.

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Dominance hierarchy and social grooming in female lion- tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) in the Western Ghats, India

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Male–Male Relationships in Lion-tailed Macaques (Macaca silenus) and Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata)

Male–Male Relationships in Lion-tailed Macaques (Macaca silenus) and Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata)

Negotiations over Grooming in Wild Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)

Impact of Habitat Fragmentation on the Demography of Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) Populations in the Rainforests of Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India

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