Dominant curly coat in horses

Sponenberg, DP

doi:10.1051/gse:19900208

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…It is not known whether the outer properties of this horse breed are responsible for the detected hypoallergenicity. Investigations of the skin of Curly horses by biopsy did not reveal any relevant histoanatomical differences to other horses [28]. The typical smell of Curly horses is different to other horses: Curly horses do not smell like horses.…”

Section: Skin Prick Testmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The other features of Curly horses are described elsewhere (www.abcregistry.org; www.curlyhorses.org). Sponenberg showed that the genetic property of the American Curly horse to generate curls is a dominant trait [19,28]. Using polarization stress analysis, Farrell found that curly hairs exist at birth, having a more oval cross section in contrast to other horses with a round cross section [19].…”

Section: Skin Prick Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horse Allergy: Curly Horses Allow Horse Allergic Riders To Ride Again

Mitlehner¹,

Mitlehner

Niggemann

2015

Pneumologie

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To test the hypothesis that so called hypoallergenic horses (Curly horses) allow horse allergic riders to ride again, we investigated 40 horse allergic riders in a period of 37 months. We tested these patients (pts.) by skin prick test (SPT) with different non-curly and Curly horses and studied the riding hours and horse brushing by measurements of peak expiratory flow (PEF) and Tiffeneau tests (FEV1) as well as peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) over 12 months. The results in 37/40 pts. showed no relevant reactions of the lower airways or nasal flow. Only in 3/40 patients an initial significant fall of FEV1 was observed, reversed by a single inhalation of salbutamol and not repeated despite further riding contact. In contrast to other allergic events (e. g. baker's asthma) a further and regular contact with these horses abolished the mild allergic reactions of the start period of contact. This may be due to hypoallergenic properties of these horses, whose test material produces weaker reactions in the SPT than that of normal horses. After a period of three years, a loss of reactivity to normal horses could be confirmed in some of the riders. The tested purebreed Curly horses may be a suitable alternative for horse allergic riders if the methodological precautions of this study are followed.

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Section: Skin Prick Testmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Skin Prick Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horse Allergy: Curly Horses Allow Horse Allergic Riders To Ride Again

Mitlehner¹,

Mitlehner

Niggemann

2015

Pneumologie

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“…Segregation ratios in matings of curly with straight coated Percheron as well as among curly coated Lokai horses suggested an autosomal recessive inheritance 5 , 6 . Analyses of breeding records of the American Bashkir Curly registry indicated an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance for curly coat as curly coated stallions sired curly and straight coated foals with curly coated mares 8 , 9 . These findings led to the suggestion that there might be two genetic types involved in the development of curly coat whose occurrence is dependent on breed or regional distributions of horses 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An epistatic effect of KRT25 on SP6 is involved in curly coat in horses

Thomer

Gottschalk

Christmann

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Curly coat represents an extraordinary type of coat in horses, particularly seen in American Bashkir Curly Horses and Missouri Foxtrotters. In some horses with curly coat, a hypotrichosis of variable extent was observed, making the phenotype appear more complex. In our study, we aimed at investigating the genetic background of curly coat with and without hypotrichosis using high density bead chip genotype and next generation sequencing data. Genome-wide association analysis detected significant signals (p = 1.412 × 10−05–1.102 × 10−08) on horse chromosome 11 at 22–35 Mb. In this significantly associated region, six missense variants were filtered out from whole-genome sequencing data of three curly coated horses of which two variants within KRT25 and SP6 could explain all hair phenotypes. Horses heterozygous or homozygous only for KRT25 variant showed curly coat and hypotrichosis, whereas horses with SP6 variant only, exhibited curly coat without hypotrichosis. Horses with mutant alleles in both variants developed curly hair and hypotrichosis. Thus, mutant KRT25 allele is masking SP6 allele effect, indicative for epistasis of KRT25 variant over SP6 variant. In summary, genetic variants in two different genes, KRT25 and SP6, are responsible for curly hair. All horses with KRT25 variant are additionally hypotrichotic due to the KRT25 epistatic effect on SP6.

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“…These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and the crossbreeding of different lineages may be the source of the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneities reported. Indeed, in North American horses, the most frequent Curly coat phenotype is described as autosomal dominant (Crd) [ 6 ], whereas recessive forms have been reported to segregate in the Quarter Horse, Arabian, Appaloosa, Missouri Fox Trotter, Tennessee Walking Horse, Paint, Morgan and Paso Fino breeds [ 6 ] as well as in French Percheron horses [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A missense variant in the coil1A domain of the keratin 25 gene is associated with the dominant curly hair coat trait (Crd) in horse

et al. 2017

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BackgroundCurly horses present a variety of curl phenotypes that are associated with various degrees of curliness of coat, mane, tail and ear hairs. Their origin is still a matter of debate and several genetic hypotheses have been formulated to explain the diversity in phenotype, including the combination of autosomal dominant and recessive alleles. Our purpose was to map the autosomal dominant curly hair locus and identify the causal variant using genome-wide association study (GWAS) and whole-genome sequencing approaches.ResultsA GWAS was performed using a Bayesian sparse linear mixed model, based on 51 curly and 19 straight-haired French and North American horses from 13 paternal families genotyped on the Illumina EquineSNP50 BeadChip. A single strong signal was observed on equine chromosome 11, in a region that encompasses the type I keratin gene cluster. This region was refined by haplotype analysis to a segment including 36 genes, among which are 10 keratin genes (KRT-10, -12, -20, -23, -24, -25, -26, -27, -28, -222). To comprehensively identify candidate causal variants within all these genes, whole-genome sequences were obtained for one heterozygous curly stallion and its straight-haired son. Among the four non-synonymous candidate variants identified and validated in the curly region, only variant g.21891160G>A in the KRT25 gene (KRT25:p.R89H) was in perfect agreement with haplotype status in the whole pedigree. Genetic association was then confirmed by genotyping a larger population consisting of 353 horses. However, five discordant curly horses were observed, which carried neither the variant nor the main haplotype associated with curliness. Sequencing of KRT25 for two discordant horses did not identify any other deleterious variant, which suggests locus rather than allelic heterogeneity for the curly phenotype.ConclusionsWe identified the KRT25:p.R89H variant as responsible for the dominant curly trait, but a second dominant locus may also be involved in the shape of hairs within North American Curly horses.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12711-017-0359-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Dominant curly coat in horses

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Horse Allergy: Curly Horses Allow Horse Allergic Riders To Ride Again

Horse Allergy: Curly Horses Allow Horse Allergic Riders To Ride Again

An epistatic effect of KRT25 on SP6 is involved in curly coat in horses

A missense variant in the coil1A domain of the keratin 25 gene is associated with the dominant curly hair coat trait (Crd) in horse

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