“…Meanwhile, fractional-order systems can describe the dynamic characteristics of real-world systems better than can integer-order systems, owing to the property of memory (Ullah et al, 2017). The controller design becomes flexible with the introduction of fractional-order operators, such as fractional-order sliding-mode controllers (Pashaei and Badamchizadeh, 2016; Zhong et al, 2016), fractional-order iterative learning controllers and fractional-order P I λ D μ controllers (Bettayeb et al, 2017; Lamba et al, 2017; Mandic et al, 2017; Pan et al, 2016). With the development of physics and technology, many researchers have found that fractional-order systems can reveal the dynamic characteristics of many physical systems (Liu et al, 2017; Lü et al, 2017; Luo, 2015; Sedraoui et al, 2016; Wei et al, 2017).…”