After interaction of CD40L with CD40 and costimulation by appropriate cytokines (interleukins 4 and 10), 13 cells proliferate and perform unoglobulin isotype switch (6). Mutations in CD40L transcripts in 12 cases ofHIGMi have been characterized (8-11). Among these, 11 have been detected in the extracellular domain, with the 12th being located in the transmembrane domain. Nine patients demnstrated point mutations; three patients reported by a single group had deletions of 8, 10, and 63 bp, respectively (10). Interestingly, these three deletions clustered within a limited region of the coding sequence. Although a splicing defect has been hypothesized, it could not be demonstrated since the genomic structure ofthe CD40L gene was not known. In additon, two other incompletely characterized mutations have been briefly reported (12, 13), one of which had a deletion of 58 nucleotides adjacent to those absent in the 63-bp deletion.These small deletions in mRNA might result from true genomic deletions or mutations that affect splcing of the transcript. Here we report the CD40L genomic structure and a more precise characterization of these abnormaites. We also show that knowledge of the CD40L exonintron structure can be applied to prenatal diagnosis of HIGSi using PCR amplification of genomic DNA derived from fetal samples.
MATERIALS AND METH-OSolation ofGenoic Clones for CD40L. Two parallel strategies were used to isolate .CD40L genomic sequences. The first utilized PCR amplification ofgenomic DNA using primer pairs corresponding to the coding regions. The second approach involved isolation of clones from an X chromosomeenriched cosmid library gridded onto nylon filters (14) using a full-length CD40L cDNA (7). Both approaches proved successful and provided identical data regarding sequence and structural organization.The following primers were used to amplify the whole coding region of CD40L in six steps.