Don’t delay, but don’t despair: symptom duration, comorbidity and outcome after closure of spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks

Abstract

Objective Microsurgical sealing of spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks is a viable treatment option in spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Several factors may influence the outcome, with symptom duration probably the most modifiable variable. Methods Patients with closure of spinal CSF leaks between September 2020 and March 2023 and a follow-up period of 6 months were included in this retrospective single-center study. Pre- and postoperative scores for impact of headaches (Headache Impact Test, HIT-6) and quality of life (QoL, EQ-5D-5L) were systematically collected. Multiple regression modelling and subgroup analyses for different symptom durations and comorbidities were performed for these outcomes. Results One hundred patients (61% female, median age 43.5 years) were included. Six months postoperatively, there was significant improvement in headache impact (HIT-6: 66 (IQR 62–69) to 52 (IQR 40–61, p < 0.001) and QoL (EQ-5D-5L VAS: 40 (IQR 30–60) to 79 (IQR 60–90); EQ-5D-5L Index: 0.67 (IQR 0.35–0.8) to 0.91 (IQR 0.8–0.94, p < 0.001, respectively). Subgroup analysis for a symptom duration above (74%) and below 90 days (26%) and comorbidity, as well as multiple regression analysis, revealed a trend in favor of early treatment and lower comorbidity. However, even after a prolonged symptom duration, improvements were significant. Conclusion As patients with shorter symptom duration show a trend for a better outcome, our results promote a timely diagnosis and treatment in SIH patients. However, a significant postoperative improvement can still be expected even after a prolonged symptom duration.